Multi-objective performance-based design of tall buildings using energy harvesting enabled tuned mass-damper-inerter (TMDI) devices

这个项目的重点是风和/或地震激发的建筑物，其振荡运动是通过常用的调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）来控制的：一个额外的自由振动质量，通过弹簧和粘性阻尼器安装在建筑物的顶部。TMD经过优化设计（调谐），使动能从建筑物（“主要结构”）转移到TMD质量，并通过阻尼器消散。一般来说，更大的TMD质量可以更好地抑制振动，但这受到建筑和结构（重量）约束的限制。控制风振要求TMD质量占建筑总质量的1%-5%，在强烈地震激励下，这一比例可达15-20%或更高。项目：-利用飞轮质量放大装置（MADs）的质量放大效应，在不改变TMD重量的情况下，实现TMD+MAD配置的不同表观质量；-通过将MAD的飞轮置于磁场中，从而将旋转动能转化为电能，探索从风引起的建筑物振动中收集能量的潜力；-在多目标基于性能的结构设计框架内建立“主动”控制范式：TMD+MAD的表观质量通过齿轮传动根据不同目标预设的“最佳”调谐值变化，例如在用户舒适的可使用状态下的最佳振动抑制-“中等”表观质量；在办公大楼的非工作时间最大限度地收集能量-“低”表观质量；在最终状态下（极端的风锋/下爆或地震）将潜在的结构破坏最小化-“大”的视质量)。这些变化可以“可编程”，并通过天气预报和/或早期预警地震系统通知，实现“智能”/自适应、节能和弹性结构。所提出的研究理念具有潜在的变革意义，因为它：1)将允许在拥挤的城市环境中（例如，伦敦、东京、纽约等地，土地利用优化是必不可少的）建造更修长、更高、更经济、更美观的高层建筑，通过与目前使用的相比，更轻量化的tmd能够控制风引起的（和/或地震）振荡。这些建筑在更恶劣的气候环境中也会更安全，并且通过有效地从大振幅振荡中收集能量，减少二氧化碳足迹。2)将改变建筑结构的“目的”和功能。通过主动控制框架，办公楼的设计可以确保居住者在工作时间内的绝对舒适，即使在未来极端气候变化引起的风下也是如此，而这种风最初并没有被建造。在非工作时间，同样的结构变成了一个灵活的悬臂，从风能中产生可再生能源。该项目潜在的最终影响是：-技术：为英国和国际制造商提供大量的新技术研发和商业化机会，用于全球民用和机械/汽车应用的振动抑制和能量收集设备。社会：在气候变化的未来恶劣环境下，提高基础设施用户的舒适度、美观性、结构安全性和弹性。经济：刺激制造业，建筑业和工程咨询公司朝着世界一流的结构优化设计的能量收集和振动控制；提高现有和未来基础设施的价值和经济生命周期。环境：通过优化风能收集，减少材料使用和更好的土地使用，减少建筑物的能源使用和二氧化碳足迹，因为可以以经济有效的方式建造更多的高层建筑。

This project focuses on wind and/or earthquake excited buildings whose oscillatory motion is controlled via, the commonly used, tuned-mass-damper (TMD): an additional free-to-vibrate mass mounted to the top of buildings via springs and viscous dampers. TMDs are optimally designed (tuned) such that kinetic energy is transferred from the building ("primary structure") to the TMD mass and dissipated by dampers. In general, larger TMD mass achieves better vibration suppression, but this is limited by architectural and structural (weight) constraints. Control of wind induced vibrations require TMD mass of 1%-5% of total building mass and this ratio can reach up to 15-20% or more for severe earthquake excitations.The project:-exploits the mass amplification effect of flywheel-based mass amplification devices (MADs) to achieve different apparent mass for the TMD+MAD configuration without changing the TMD weight; -explores the potential of energy harvesting from wind-induced building vibrations by containing the MAD's flywheel within a magnetic field such that rotational kinetic energy is transformed into electric energy;-establishes a "pro-active" control paradigm within a multi-objective performance-based structural design framework: the apparent mass of the TMD+MAD changes through gearing according to pre-set "optimally" tuned values for different objectives such as optimal vibration suppression at serviceability state for user comfort- "medium" apparent mass; maximization of energy harvesting during off-hours in office buildings- "low" apparent mass; minimisation of potential for structural damage at ultimate state {extreme wind fronts/downbursts or earthquakes}- "large" apparent mass). These changes can be "programmable" and informed by weather forecast and/or by early warning earthquake systems achieving "smart"/adaptive, energy efficient and resilient structures.The proposed research idea is potentially transformative because it:1)will allow for ever-more slender, taller, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing tall buildings in congested urban environments (e.g., London, Tokyo, NY, etc. where land use optimisation is essential) through the ability to control wind-induced (and/or earthquake) oscillations by more lightweight TMDs compared to the ones used today. These buildings will also be safer in more aggressive climate environments and with lower CO2 footprint through effective energy harvesting from large amplitude oscillations.2)will change the "purpose" and functionality of building structures. Through the pro-active control framework, an office building can be designed to ensure absolute comfort to occupants during work hours even under future ever extreme climate change-induced winds for whichit has not been initially been built for. During off-hours the same structure becomes a flexible cantilever producing renewable energy from wind. The potential ultimate impact ot the project is:-TECHNOLOGICAL: sparkling considerable new technological R&D and commercialisation opportunities for UK and international manufacturers of vibration suppression and energy harvesting equipment for civil and mechanical/automotive applications globally. SOCIETAL: enhancing infrastructure users' comfort, aesthetics, and structural safety and resiliency under future aggressive environments due to climate change. ECONOMICAL: stimulating the manufacturing sector, the construction industry, and the engineering consultancies towards world-class structures optimally designed for energy harvesting and vibration control; enhancing existing and future infrastructure value and economic life-cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL: reducing energy use and CO2 footprint of buildings through optimum wind energy harvesting, less material usage, and better land usage since more tall buildings can be built in a cost-effective manner.