EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY

本次调查将描述和分析流行性感冒的流行病学。 弱势儿童的神经发育障碍和其他儿童残疾 不同文化背景的人群。关于六种类型的大型且唯一的数据集 残疾(智力低下、癫痫、运动障碍、言语 障碍、失明和耳聋)可从以下网址获得 最近在孟加拉国、牙买加和巴基斯坦完成了社区调查。 这三个国家都采用了共同的两阶段研究设计， 研究仪器和数据库程序。在第一阶段，所有的孩子 对社区进行了筛查，在第二阶段，儿童呈阳性 筛查结果加上筛查结果为阴性的儿童样本 由内科医生和心理医生团队进行检查。筛查和风险 超过22,000名儿童的因素数据可用，并详细说明 目前有大约7200名儿童的临床数据。 使用这个数据集，拟议的五年研究计划有五个 明确的目标。第一个目标是评估量表的信度和效度 在不同文化的研究方法论中筛选 2至9岁残疾儿童，以收集有关危险因素的数据 对残疾进行评估并进行诊断评估。我们的计划是 确定看起来可靠和有效的问题和测试项目 横跨这三个国家。第二个目标是利用筛查和 获得儿童患病率估计的临床数据 在研究的社区中的残疾。第三个目标是调查 湖北省儿童残疾的主要原因及危险因素 接受调查的社区。残障人士在健在人士中的比例 本可以通过干预措施预防的儿童，如 营养补充剂(如碘、维生素A)、免疫接种、 卫生设施和创伤 将对预防设备进行评估。第四个目标是使用 从这项研究中获得对需求和资源的洞察 为残疾儿童提供康复和特别照顾 发达国家。第五个目标是制定应用这些方法的计划。 在这项研究中发展为研究服务不足和文化多样性 美国境内的社区。

This investigation will describe and analyze the epidemiology of neurodevelopmental and other childhood disabilities in disadvantaged and culturally diverse populations. A large and unique data set on six types of disability (mental retardation, epilepsy, movement disorders, speech disorders, blindness and deafness) is available for the study from community surveys recently completed in Bangladesh, Jamaica and Pakistan. All three countries employed a common two-stage study design and identical research instruments and data base programs. At stage I all children in the communities were screened and at stage II children with positive screening results plus samples of children with negative screening results were examined by a physician and psychologist teams. Screening and risk factor data are available for more than 22,000 children and detailed clinical data are available for approximately 7,200 children. Using this data set, the proposed five-year research plan has five specific aims. The first aim is to evaluate the reliability and validity in different cultures of research methodology designed to screen for disabilities in 2 to 9 year-old children, to collect data on risk factors for disability and to make diagnostic assessments. The plan is to identify the questions and test items that appear reliable and valid across all three countries. The second aim is to use the screening and clinical data to obtain estimates of the prevalence of childhood disability in the communities studied. The third aim is to investigate the major causes and risk factors for childhood disability in the communities surveyed. The proportion of disabilities among surviving children that might have been prevented by interventions such as nutritional supplements (e.g., iodine, vitamin A), immunizations, sanitation, and trauma prevention devices will be estimated. The fourth aim is to use the findings from this study to obtain insights into the needs and resources for rehabilitation and special care of disabled children in the less developed world. The fifth aim is to develop plans to apply the methods developed in this study to research in under-served and culturally diverse communities within the United States.