EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY

本次调查将描述和分析 神经发育和其他儿童残疾， 文化多样的人口。 关于六种类型的大型独特数据集 残疾（智力迟钝、癫痫、运动障碍、语言障碍） 疾病，失明和耳聋）可用于研究， 最近在孟加拉国、牙买加和巴基斯坦完成了社区调查。 这三个国家都采用了共同的两阶段研究设计， 研究工具和数据库程序。 在阶段我所有的孩子在 社区进行了筛查，在第二阶段， 筛查结果加上筛查结果阴性的儿童样本 由医生和心理学家团队进行检查。 筛查和风险 有超过22，000名儿童的因素数据， 大约有7 200名儿童的临床数据。 利用这一数据集，拟议的五年研究计划有五个 明确的目标。 第一个目的是评估信度和效度 在不同文化的研究方法，旨在筛选 2至9岁儿童的残疾问题，收集有关风险因素的数据， 并进行诊断评估。 计划是 确定看起来可靠和有效的问题和测试项目 在这三个国家。 第二个目标是利用筛选和 临床数据，以获得儿童患病率估计数 研究社区的残疾问题。 第三个目的是调查 儿童残疾的主要原因和危险因素 社区调查。 幸存者中的残疾比例 这些儿童本可以通过干预措施， 营养补充剂（例如，碘，维生素A），免疫接种， 卫生和创伤 预防措施将被评估。 第四个目标是利用 从这项研究的结果，以了解需求和资源 残疾儿童的康复和特殊照顾 发达世界。 第五个目标是制定实施这些方法的计划 在这项研究中开发，以研究服务不足和文化多样性 美国境内的社区。

This investigation will describe and analyze the epidemiology of neurodevelopmental and other childhood disabilities in disadvantaged and culturally diverse populations. A large and unique data set on six types of disability (mental retardation, epilepsy, movement disorders, speech disorders, blindness and deafness) is available for the study from community surveys recently completed in Bangladesh, Jamaica and Pakistan. All three countries employed a common two-stage study design and identical research instruments and data base programs. At stage I all children in the communities were screened and at stage II children with positive screening results plus samples of children with negative screening results were examined by a physician and psychologist teams. Screening and risk factor data are available for more than 22,000 children and detailed clinical data are available for approximately 7,200 children. Using this data set, the proposed five-year research plan has five specific aims. The first aim is to evaluate the reliability and validity in different cultures of research methodology designed to screen for disabilities in 2 to 9 year-old children, to collect data on risk factors for disability and to make diagnostic assessments. The plan is to identify the questions and test items that appear reliable and valid across all three countries. The second aim is to use the screening and clinical data to obtain estimates of the prevalence of childhood disability in the communities studied. The third aim is to investigate the major causes and risk factors for childhood disability in the communities surveyed. The proportion of disabilities among surviving children that might have been prevented by interventions such as nutritional supplements (e.g., iodine, vitamin A), immunizations, sanitation, and trauma prevention devices will be estimated. The fourth aim is to use the findings from this study to obtain insights into the needs and resources for rehabilitation and special care of disabled children in the less developed world. The fifth aim is to develop plans to apply the methods developed in this study to research in under-served and culturally diverse communities within the United States.