TransEnergy - Road to Rail Energy Exchange (R2REE)

建议的研究重点是电动轨道交通系统和电动道路车辆（EV），并扩展到支持它们的电源网络。未来几年，公路和铁路运输对电力的融合，减少对化石燃料的依赖，带来了巨大的潜在好处，但也存在依赖单一燃料类型和对基础供应网络的峰值需求压力的风险。虽然化石燃料具有环境缺点，但它们具有提供固有能量存储的优点，从而减少了能源使用时间，并平滑了供应网络的需求。但在电力使用方面，情况并非如此，目前只有有限的手段来平滑和减少需求。拟议的研究涉及以适合运输使用的形式存储电能的技术，以及了解如何使用该技术来减少整体能源需求的建模。交通能源需求的减少可以从两个时间尺度来看待：（i）高峰时段通勤造成的每日两次需求，以及（ii）每分钟需求的变化取决于个别车辆的需求。这两个时间尺度都提出了易于处理的研究问题，可以通过储能来解决。这项工作将研究围绕使用新电池和二次寿命（旧）EV电池作为线侧存储的技术问题。这项研究将得到补充和加强，增加了对整个生命环境问题的研究，以及消费者的接受程度和围绕这种使用的立法限制。此外，电动汽车在公路到铁路（R2R）能量交换场景中的新用途将提供一个机会，探索当停放在火车站停车场时使用车载电动汽车电池作为能量存储，并解决这种使用对消费者的影响以及消费者的可接受性。该研究将通过八个相互关联的工作包完成：WP 1：英国铁路和公路运输应用储能技术的技术经济供应链分析WP 2：R2R能量交换的优化运输网络运营WP 3：电网模拟WP 4：多功能线侧储能示范WP 5：示范数据分析和二次寿命EV电池WP 6：对用户的吸引力和实施的激励措施WP7：R2R通信、控制和接口WP8：项目管理

The focus of the research proposed is on electrically powered rail transport systems and electric road vehicles (EVs), and extends to the power supply network which supports them. The convergence over coming years of both road and rail transport on electric power with reduced dependence on fossil fuels offers great potential benefits, but also has risks from dependence on a single fuel type and peak demand stress on its underlying supply network. Although fossil fuels have environmental drawbacks they have the advantage of offering inherent energy storage, thereby desynchronising time of energy use from its supply, and smoothing demands on the supply network. This is not the case for electricity use in which there are currently only limited means to smooth and reduce demand. The proposed research addresses both the technology to store electric energy in a form suited to transport use, and the modelling to understand how to use the technology to reduce overall energy demand. Transport energy demand reduction can be viewed at two timescales: (i) a twice daily demand caused by rush hour commuting, and (ii) minute by minute variations in demand as required by individual vehicles. Both timescales pose tractable research questions which can be addressed by energy storage. The work will examine the technical issues surrounding the use of both new batteries, and second life (old) EV batteries as line-side storage. This study will be complimented and enhanced with the addition of research on through-life environmental issues, and the consumer acceptance and legislatory constraints surrounding this use. In addition, the novel use of EVs in a road to rail (R2R) energy exchange scenario will provide an opportunity to explore the use of in-car EV batteries as energy storage when parked in rail station car parks, and address the implications of this use on the consumers, together with the consumer acceptability. The research will be accomplished through eight interrelated work packages:WP1: Techno-economic supply chain analysis of energy storage technologies for application in UK rail and road transport WP2: Optimising transport network operation for R2R energy exchange WP3: Power network simulationWP4: Versatile line-side storage demonstration WP5: Demonstrator data analysis and second-life EV battery WP6: Attractiveness to users and incentives for implementation WP7: R2R Communications, control and interfacing WP8: Project Management