Joint UK-India Clean Energy Centre (JUICE)

能源是经济和可持续社会福利的关键驱动力。它是现代工业和商业的必要前提。脱碳能源供应的需求已被普遍接受，太阳能光伏发电（PV）将在英国和印度发挥重要作用。自2010年两国推出各自的市场刺激计划以来，两国的安装速度非常快，截至2015年12月，累计安装量已上升至5GW（印度）和8.5 GW（英国）。这对电力系统产生了非常大的影响，可能危及供电质量或电网的可靠性。JUICE将专注于理解和量化相关问题的工具，找到最经济的方法来改善或控制产生的问题。光伏发电通常位于负荷中心附近，但其与传统需求曲线的时间一致性远非完美。在错误的时间或错误的地点发电几乎没有什么价值，而且已经有很多光伏（和其他来源）在当地需求或运输能力不足时不得不削减的例子。随着已安装光伏的普及，将其有效整合到各级电力系统（包括国家和地方网络）的需求也在增加。能源储存和需求侧响应将在这方面发挥重要作用，以及管理电网容量。JUICE将调查光伏发电的总量、对电网造成的压力、缓解技术选择（存储和需求转移）的成本和收益。将储能和光伏纳入系统，将使相对较大的电力电子转换器进入系统，这也可能允许进一步的服务来稳定网络，使其在技术上和经济上都是可行的。在不同的研究领域解决这些挑战是关键，因为一种技术的变化可能会改变其他技术的边界条件，例如经济学可能会发生巨大变化。例如，JUICE将根据安装的光伏数量、当地需求和转移能力来研究储存技术的可行性。JUICE将汇集光伏技术、应用光伏系统、电力电子、电网、储能和需求侧响应领域的国际领先专家；并通过他们的共同努力，将开发综合解决方案，以确保光伏发电的价值在印度和英国都得到优化。所开发的技术和解决办法也将很容易转让给面临类似挑战的许多其他国家，并有助于增加发展中国家和发达国家的经济和环境福利。英国和印度团队所带来的经验和技能的广度适合问题的规模，并将鼓励开发针对这些全球挑战的新概念和解决方案。在英国，该团队来自国家旗舰超级发电项目：SuperSolar， HubNet和SuperStore，分别专注于光伏，网络和能源存储。在印度，世界领先的大学和研究人员将由IIT-KGP和IIT-B领导。JUICE将专注于最终用户的价值优化，即以最低的经济和环境成本满足需求。具体讨论的主题包括：光伏发电产量优化和本地化、输配电网络的稳定性和利用、微电网、储能系统的控制和寿命及其在需求响应中的作用。该中心的总体综合管理将确保各伙伴进行的具体技术发展得到协调和有效地促进提供更好的能源服务、降低环境影响和尽量减少成本的总目标。

Energy is a key driver of economic and sustainable social welfare. It is an essential prerequisite for modern industry and commerce. The need to decarbonise the energy supply is generally accepted and solar photovoltaics (PV) will play a large role in this in both the UK and India. The two countries have seen very rapid installation since both countries introduced their respective market stimulation programmes in 2010, cumulative installations have risen to 5GW (India) and 8.5 GW (UK) by December 2015. This has had a very significant impact on the power system and may endanger quality of supply or grid reliability. JUICE will focus on tools to understand and quantify the associated issues, find the most economical way to ameliorate or control the issues generated. PV can often be located near to load centres but its temporal alignment with conventional demand profiles is far from perfect. Electricity at the wrong time or in the wrong place has very little value and there are already numerous examples of PV (and other sources) having to be curtailed when local demand or capability to transport it are insufficient. As the penetration of installed PV increases, so too does the need for its effective integration into power systems at all levels and including both national and localised networks. Energy storage and demand-side response will play a big role in this as well as managing grid capacity. JUICE would be investigating the amount of generation of PV, the stress this is putting on the network, the cost and benefits of mitigation technology options (storage and demand shift). The inclusion of storage and PV places relatively large power electronic converters into the system, which may also allow further services to stabilise the network to be viable technically as well as economically. It is key to address these challenges across the different research communities, as changes in one technology may change the boundary conditions for others and e.g. economics may change drastically. JUICE will, as an example, look at the viability of storage technologies in dependence of quantity of installed PV, local demand and transfer capacity.JUICE will bring together internationally leading experts in PV technology, applied PV systems, power electronics, electricity networks, energy storage and demand-side response; and through their combined efforts, will develop integrated solutions to ensure that the value of PV generation is optimised in both India and the UK. The techniques and solutions developed will also be readily transferable to many other countries that face similar challenges and contribute to increase economic and environmental welfare in developing and developed countries. The breadth of experience and skills brought by the collective UK and India teams is appropriate to the scale of the problem and will encourage development of novel concepts and solutions to these global challenges. In the UK, the team has been drawn from the national flagship SuperGen projects: SuperSolar, HubNet and SuperStore, which specialise in PV, networks and energy storage respectively. In India, world-leading universities and researchers will be led by IIT-KGP and IIT-B. JUICE will focus on a value optimisation for the end user, i.e. meeting demand at the lowest economic and environmental cost. Specific topics to be addressed include: PV yield optimisation and localisation, transmission and distribution network stability and utilisation, microgrids, the control and lifetime of storage and its role alongside demand response. The overarching integrative management of the centre will ensure that the specific technical developments undertaken by the partners are coordinated and effective in contributing to the overall aims of providing improved energy services, lowering environmental impacts and minimising costs.