Flood Prediction using real time sensing Emergency Water Information Networks over mobile phone networks and WiFi (EWIN)

我们正在研究通过移动电话系统进行远程水情监测来实时监测洪水的方法。随着气候变化的预期影响，洪灾将成为一个全球性问题。提前几分钟的预警是重要的，现代洪水预警系统对于一个国家保护人民以及发展和壮大城镇至关重要。洪灾是人类必须应对的最严重的自然灾害，造成生命损失，洪灾的长期影响具有严重的不良社会后果。与拥有成熟防洪系统的英国不同，许多国家负担不起这项技术，对洪水的反应也很差。然而，许多发展中国家现在确实可以在其城镇使用现代蜂窝电话网络。因此，在这个项目中，我们将发现如何使用移动电话网络与WiFi相结合来帮助各国应对气候变化。来自英国和墨西哥的两个研究团队在小公司的支持下，在水务工程和嵌入式电子领域的专家的支持下，聚集在一起，研究如何通过现代电话系统进行实时洪水监测，以经济高效的方式提供现代水利工程基础设施，以迅速使易受洪水影响的国家对这种最严重的自然灾害更具弹性。为了提高洪水预测，需要解决几个方面的研究。简而言之，实时洪水预报的数据需要在正确的地点和正确的时间感知，在恶劣的条件下传输，在云中融合，用于建立可靠的洪水预报模型。我们的研究利用英国在水工程和无线电通信方面的专业知识来补充墨西哥在水工程、数据网络和企业方面的知识。在项目结束时，我们将为墨西哥测量部分洪水预报网络并建立完整的模型，并在此过程中了解洪水之前、期间和之后的水行为。墨西哥是一个极端的国家，那里是旱季，几乎没有降雨，雨季的河流中有大量的水，这在英国是见不到的。对于英国来说，气候变化预计意味着更动态和更强烈的大范围天气影响，因此英国以及墨西哥和许多其他国家都有显著的好处。结合背景研究、传感器组件原型和水道建模，我们的团队将进行一系列具有高度针对性的现场试验-在英国进行小规模的实地试验，在那里有河流和湖泊，在墨西哥进行相对可预测的和中等规模的试验，我们将在那里寻找洪水事件进行实时研究。两项令人兴奋的新水情传感技术，一种是使用多普勒雷达，另一种是使用类似于人脸识别的技术，这将在这项工作中首次使用，以检测洪水事件之前和期间的水情。这两种技术很特别，因为它们不需要在水中，因此比传统传感器更难洗掉。我们打算使用一种便携式系统，该系统可以迅速部署在可能发生洪水的地区，以便在洪水退去之前发出急需的提前警报和监测水位。

We are working on ways to monitor flooding in real time using remote water sensing over cellular phone systems. With the predicted impacts of climate change flooding will be a global problem. Minutes of advance warning are important and modern flood warning systems are critical for a country to protect its people and develop and grow its towns and cities. Flooding is the most serious of natural disasters mankind has to cope with in terms of loss of life and the long term effects of flooding have severely adverse social consequences. Unlike the UK that has a mature flood defence system, many countries have not been able to afford the technology and have poor response to flooding. However, many developing countries do now have access to modern cellular phone networks in their towns and cities. So in this project we will discover how to use mobile phone networks combined with WiFi to help countries tackle climate change.Two teams of researchers from the UK and Mexico, supported by small companies with experts in the fields of water engineering and embedded electronics have come to together to investigate how real time flood monitoring can be done over modern phone systems to provide modern water engineering infrastructure in a cost effective way to quickly make countries vulnerable to flooding more resilient to this most serious of natural disasters.To improve flood prediction several areas of research need to be addressed. Concisely, the data for real time flood prediction needs be sensed in the right place and at the right time, transmitted in harsh conditions, fused in the cloud and used to make reliable flood prediction models. our research addresses each of these areas using UK expertise in Water Engineering and Radio Communications to complement Mexican knowledge of Water Engineering, Data Networks and Enterprise.At the end of the project we will have measured parts of and modelled a complete flood prediction network for Mexico and in the process understood how water behaves before, during and after flooding. Mexico is a country of extremes with a dry season where hardly any rain falls and rainy season with volumes of water in rivers unseen in the UK. For the UK climate change is predicted to mean more dynamic and intensive large scale weather effects so there are significant benefits the United Kingdom as well as Mexico and many other countries.Combined with background research, prototyping of sensors packages and waterway modelling, our teams will be conducting a series of highly targeted field trials - small scale in the UK where rivers and lakes and relatively predictable and medium scale in Mexico where we will seek flood events to be studied in real time.Two new exciting water sensing technologies, one that uses Doppler radar and another that using similar techniques to face recognition will be used for the first time in this work to detect the water conditions prior and during a flood event. The two techniques are special because they do not need to be in the water and are therefore much harder to wash away than traditional sensors. We intend to use a portable system that can be deployed quickly in areas that may flood to give much needed advanced warning and monitor water levels during the time before the water recedes.