AutoTrust: Designing a Human-Centered Trusted, Secure, Intelligent and Usable Internet of Vehicles

车辆之间(车辆到车辆)、基础道路和服务基础设施(车辆到基础设施)之间的连接越来越多，尤其是与使用它们的人的连接，通常是通过智能设备(车辆到设备)。这种新兴的车联网(IoV)在改变我们的交通系统方面提供了巨大的机遇。有关交通的实时数据可以提高交通流量，越来越多的自动驾驶汽车承诺更高的安全性，无缝组织多式联运的应用程序使更环保的交通方式成为可能，包括汽车共享或拼车计划。IoV可以被视为数字经济的一个缩影。然而，IoV的一个经常被忽视的关键要素是公民，他们应该是该系统的核心和发展的主要动力。在这种方法中，IoV侧重于个人的需求，以便与从家庭到同事再到服务的一系列实体进行面对面的连接，在这些实体中，必须及时克服物理距离才能实现这些连接。就像更广泛的网络经济一样，IoV的基础也是建立在个人数据基础上的。互联网上的数据共享主要被用作一种货币，因为它可以被货币取代。然而，在IoV内部，个人数据对整个系统的效率来说更加关键：使用个人旅行计划可以改善交通流量；将相关医疗记录存储在车辆上可以在事故发生时提供更好的现场支持；了解司机的兴趣和常规为提供相关背景信息创造了机会。虽然这承诺了更好的安全性、更低的碳排放和更高的出行效率，但IoV对个人数据的依赖也可能是其致命弱点。大规模的数据共享经常被证明容易受到大规模身份盗窃(例如索尼的用户数据库被黑客攻击)和基础设施威胁(Stuxnet蠕虫)的攻击。此外，互联设备本身很容易被重新调整用途(例如Mirai DNS拒绝服务攻击)。要设计一个以人为中心、像想象中那样有效和高效的IoV是复杂的、多学科的挑战。我们的团队汇聚了智能自动化和服务、安全和安保以及人机交互研究领域最优秀的交叉专家团队。我们的方法是利用该平台培养英国未来的万物互联思想领袖，让他们领导快速、敏捷和反应迅速的试点项目，这些项目是与我们的社会科学、法律和行业合作伙伴共同创建的，这些合作伙伴致力于与我们合作，从共同创造到共同设计，再到技术和政策翻译。特别是，平台方法使我们能够灵活地通过我们的网络将这种强大的跨学科专业知识与适当的利益相关者群体联系起来，共同创建并快速构建和试点想法，以便在我们的远程教育社区中获得科学和应用的价值洞察。为了指导这种共同创造，我们开发了四条x-Cut研究线索，这对于构建以人为中心的万物互联至关重要：服务、交互、自动化和安全。例如，开放的研究挑战包括：安全运行服务/基础设施所需的最少个人数据量是多少？这种平衡能对检测到的风险情况做出动态反应吗？提高数据使用的透明度如何有助于激励公民在需要个人数据的地方参与？如何设计代理和交互，以智能地帮助公民和服务双方协商数据使用协议，以便人们不会觉得有必要伪造系统来保护他们的隐私？通过利用这一平台支持跨学科研究领导共同创造和交付以人为本的新颖万物互联方法，英国将引领万物互联设计，支持所有人更好的生活质量。

Vehicles are increasingly connected, to each other (vehicle-to-vehicle), to the underlying road and service infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure) and, especially, connected to the people who use them, often via smart devices (vehicle-to-device). This emerging Internet of Vehicles (IoV) offers tremendous opportunities in transforming our transportation system. Real-time data about traffic allows more efficient traffic flows, increasingly autonomous vehicles promise greater safety and apps that seamlessly organise multi-modal journeys enable greener approaches to transportation, including car sharing or ride sharing schemes.The IoV can be seen as a microcosm for the Digital Economy. However, a key element of the IoV, often overlooked, is the citizen that should be central to the system and the prime motivator for its development. In such an approach, the IoV is focused around the needs of the individual to connect, in person, with a range of entities from families to colleagues to services, where physical distances must be overcome in timely ways to enable these connections. The foundation of the IoV is also, like the web economy more generally, founded on personal data. Data sharing on the Internet is used mainly as a currency in the sense that it could be replaced with money. Within the IoV, however, personal data is far more mission critical to the efficacy of the entire system: using personal travel plans enables improved traffic flows; storing relevant medical records on a vehicle allows better on-scene support during accidents, and learning a driver's interests and routines creates the opportunity for giving relevant contextual information. While this promises better safety, reduced carbon and increased travel efficiency, the IoV's reliance on personal data is also potentially its Achilles' heel. Large-scale sharing of data is constantly shown to be vulnerable to massive identity thefts (eg Sony's user database being hacked) & infrastructure threats (Stuxnet worm). Furthermore, connected devices themselves can be vulnerable to repurposing (eg Mirai DNS Denial of Service attack).The challenges to design an IoV that is human-centered and as effective and efficient as imagined are complex and multidisciplinary. Our team brings together the best, cross-cutting group of experts in intelligent automation and services, safety and security and human computer interaction research. Our approach is to use the platform to develop the UK's IoV thought leaders of the future by having them lead rapid, agile and responsive pilot projects that are co-created with our social science, legal and industrial partners who are committed to work with us from co-creation through co-design to technical and policy translation. In particular, the Platform approach allows us the flexibility necessary to connect this robust interdisciplinary expertise through our network to appropriate stakeholder groups to co-create and rapidly prototype and pilot ideas both for scientific and applied insights of value across our DE communities. To guide this co-creation, we have developed four x-cutting research strands, vital to framing a human-in-the-center IoV: services, interaction, automation and security. For example, open research challenges include: what is the least amount of personal data required to run a service/infrastructure safely? Can this balance be dynamically responsive to detected risk situations? How can greater transparency of data-use help incentivise citizen participation where personal data is required? How to design agents and interactions to intelligently assist both citizen and service to negotiate data use agreements so people will not feel the need to fake the system to protect their privacy? By using this platform to support interdisciplinary research leadership towards co-creation and delivery of novel, human-centered approaches to the IoV, the UK will lead IoV design to support better quality of life for all.