EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D ON BONE LOSS FROM HIP

拟议的研究旨在确定对骨骼的最大益处 髋部的矿物质密度可以从增加摄入量中获得 钙和维生素D在老年人群中的水平， 既营养又安全。 平均摄入量 而65岁以上的人体内的维生素D和钙只有一半到三分之二 建议的金额。 这项研究将确定 与年龄相关的骨质流失可归因于这两种物质的摄入不足 并将提供参考数据， 更具侵入性或实验性的干预措施的有效性， 评估。 与激素和药物治疗相比，营养 干预几乎没有预期的副作用，价格低廉， 适合广泛的老年人群体。 的 拟议的研究将确定每日补充 500 mg元素钙（柠檬酸苹果酸盐）加700 IU 胆钙化醇对424例男性髋部骨密度的影响 以及65岁以上的女性。 为期三年的随机、双盲 审判被提议。 一半的参与者将被分配到 治疗组（钙+D）和另一半安慰剂组。 的 两个组的性别和年龄将保持平衡。 骨矿物质 股骨颈、侧棘和全身的密度将是 每半年用双能吸收法测量一次。 其他数据 收集的数据包括血液和尿液测试结果，以及 膳食钙，膳食维生素D，握力，体力活动， 阳光照射和旅行到其他纬度。 信息 吸烟和饮酒，旅行，药物使用，种族背景和 将通过访谈获得福尔斯的发生率。 测量 计划间隔，以便骨丢失率的季节性变化 和其他变量不会混淆分析或解释。 除了提供对骨骼的最大益处的估计外， 矿物密度，可以从提供足够的 钙和维生素D，这项研究将检查骨骼的季节性模式， 骨丢失和钙之间的整体和季节性关系 调节激素，以及生化，生理和 行为因素对福尔斯发生的影响。

The proposed study is designed to determine the maximum benefit to bone mineral density of the hip that can be derived from increasing intakes of calcium and vitamin D in an elderly population to levels which are expected to be both nutritionally optimal and safe. Average intakes of vitamin D and calcium in those over age 65 are only half to two-thirds of recommended amounts. This study will define what proportion of age-related bone loss is attributable to inadequate intakes of these two nutrients and will provide reference data against which the effectiveness of more invasive or experimental interventions can be assessed. Compared to hormonal and drug therapies, nutritional intervention has few expected side effects, is inexpensive, and can be appropriate for a wide cross-section of the elderly population. The proposed study will determine the effect of daily supplementation with 500 mg of elemental calcium (as citrate malate) plus 700 IU of cholecalciferol on changes in bone mineral density of the hip in 424 men and women who are 65 or older. A three-year randomized, double-blind trial is proposed. One half of the participants will be assigned to the treatment group (calcium+D) and the other half to a placebo group. The two groups will be balanced for sex and age decade. Bone mineral density of the femoral neck, lateral spine and whole body will be measured semi-annually by dual-energy absorptiometry. Other data to be collected include results of blood and urine tests and measures of dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, grip strength, physical activity, sunlight exposure and travel to other latitudes. Information about smoking and alcohol use, travel, medication use, ethnic background and the occurrence of falls will be obtained by interview. Measurement intervals are planned so that seasonal variation in rates of bone loss and other variables will not confound the analyses or interpretation. In addition to providing an estimate of the maximum benefit to bone mineral density that can be derived from the provision of adequate calcium and vitamin D, this study will examine seasonal patterns of bone loss, overall and seasonal relationships between bone loss and calcium regulating hormones, and influences of biochemical, physiological and behavioral factors on the occurrence of falls.