Novel Strategies for the Assembly of Carbon-Boron Bonds via the Photoinduced Generation of Boryl-Radicals

含硼有机小分子是现代合成化学中最重要的一类化合物之一，因其在诺贝尔奖获得者氢化-氧化反应和铃木交叉偶联反应中的应用而备受关注。在学术界和工业界，硼化积木通常用于制备高价值材料。因此，发明以前所未有的方式形成C-B键的新型化学反应对于促进影响我们社会的分子的发现、进化和制造具有重要的战略意义。通常，基于硼的官能团是通过双电子过程引入有机分子中的，例如格氏与B-亲电体的反应或使用过渡金属催化的芳香族C-H硼化反应。这个项目的主要目标是探索一种互补的方法，其中C-B键通过以B为中心的自由基(硼基自由基)的反应来组装。这些活性中间体的使用和应用还很不发达，但可以为当前的离子和金属介导的硼化反应策略提供许多正交和互补的解决方案。该项目分为三个目标，将针对与制备硼化材料相关的特定挑战。目的1.我们开发了一种从胺-硼烷-一类稳定和丰富的材料光化学方法生成硼自由基。这些开壳中间体将被用于实现N-杂环的直接和选择性的C-H硼化反应，N-杂环是医药和农化材料中最重要的模体之一。这种反应性将提供一种新的方法来功能化这些高价值分子，其选择性与目前的金属催化方法所显示的选择性垂直。我们还将通过将化学应用于一系列工业感兴趣的“真实世界”底物来对化学的适用性进行基准测试，这些底物将通过与扬森制药公司的合作提供。此外，我们还将评估这些新型的硼化材料在主流交叉偶联反应中的应用。目的2.在这里，我们将发展发散多组分反应的基础上，分子内环化的硼自由基。我们将利用我们在自由基级联中的知识来提供前所未有的硼化功能化过程。这种化学包括高烯丙基胺-硼基自由基的生成，该自由基将经历分子内环化，然后通过与多种捕捉剂的最终反应进行多样化。我们将评估这种反应性的全部范围和局限性，并将其应用于制备重磅炸弹药物类似物。目的3.将这一烯烃硼化功能化策略与镍催化剂相结合，对其进行扩展。这将使我们能够开发一种创新的双光氧化还原镍平台，用于串联自由基硼化和交叉偶联，以不同的方式产生复杂和密集的官能化材料。相关的方面将是研究我们将开发的各种工艺的可扩展性。该项目的这一部分将通过与Janssen制药公司的合作来执行，这将允许使用他们最先进的流动化学设施。总体而言，该项目将为C-B键的形成提供新的反应模式，探索硼自由基在光氧化还原催化中的反应活性。鉴于硼化积木在合成、生物有机、医药和材料化学中的重要性，该项目将促进高价值材料的发现、开发和制造，对英国社会的福祉产生全面影响。

Boron-containing small organic molecules are one of the most important class of compounds in modern synthetic chemistry due to their use in the Nobel Prize-winning hydroboration-oxidation and Suzuki cross-coupling. Borylated building-blocks are routinely used in the preparation of high-value materials both in academia and industry. Therefore, the invention of novel chemical reactions that form C-B bonds in unprecedented ways is of strategic importance to facilitate the discovery, evolution and manufacture of molecules that impact our society.In general, boron-based functionalities are introduced into organic molecules using two-electron processes like the reaction of Grignards with B-electrophiles or the aromatic C-H borylation using transition metal catalysis. The overarching aim of this project is to explore a complementary approach where C-B bonds are assembled through the reactivity of B-centred radicals (boryl radicals). The use and application of these reactive intermediates is considerably underdeveloped but can provide many orthogonal and complementary solutions to current ionic and metal-mediated borylation strategies.The project is divided in three Aims that will target specific challenges relevant to the preparation of borylated materials.Aim 1. We develop a photochemical approach for the generation of boryl radicals from amine-boranes, a class of stable and abundant materials. These open-shell intermediates will be used to achieve direct and selective C-H borylation of N-heterocycles, one of the most important motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical materials. This reactivity will provide a novel approach to functionalise these high-value molecules with a selectivity orthogonal to the one displayed by current metal-catalysed methodologies. We will also benchmark the applicability of the chemistry by applying it to a series of "real-world" substrates of industrial interest that will be provided through a collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutical. Furthermore, we will evaluate the use of these novel borylated materials in main-stream cross-coupling reactions. Aim 2. Here we will develop divergent multicomponent reactions based on the intramolecular cyclization of boryl radicals. We will use our knowledge in radical cascades to provide unprecedented borylation-functionalization processes. This chemistry involves the generation of homo-allylic amine-boryl radicals that will undergo an intramolecular cyclization followed by a diversification through a final reaction with a broad range of trapping agents. We will evaluate the full scope and limitation of this reactivity and also apply it to the preparation of blockbuster drug analogues. Aim 3. This strategy for olefin borylation-functionalization will be expanded by merging it with nickel catalysis. This will enable the development of an innovative dual photoredox-nickel platform for tandem radical borylation and cross-coupling that will generate in a divergent manner complex and densely functionalised materials.A relevant aspect will be investigating the scalability of the various processes that we will develop. This part of the project will be executed through a collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutical that will allow to use their state-of-the-art flow-chemistry facilities.Overall, this project will provide novel reactivity modes for the formation of C-B bonds exploring the reactivity of boryl radicals in photoredox catalysis. Given the importance of borylated building blocks in a synthetic, bio-organic, medicinal and material chemistry, this project will facilitate the discovery, development and manufacture of high-value materials with overall impact to the well-being of UK society.