Prevention of osteoporosis through early monitoring of multiple measures of bone health in one device

英国有300万人患有骨质疏松症，包括脆性骨折在内的相关治疗每年要花费NHS GB 44亿英镑(NICE、冲击性跌倒和脆性骨折)。这对骨折风险增加的个人的生活质量产生了重大的负面影响，对骨折患者的发病率和死亡率也有所增加。所有成年人在30岁左右达到骨量峰值，从这一点开始有一些维持，然后骨量减少。由于雌激素的减少，绝经后妇女的性激素水平显著下降。这是一个重要的问题，因为每2名妇女中就有1人患上骨质疏松症，每5名男子中就有1人患有骨质疏松症；随着人口老龄化，患有这种疾病的人数将会增加。这对个人和社会都是有害的，对NHS来说也是一个巨大的医疗负担。没有骨质疏松症的筛查方案，大多数研究和干预措施都集中在60岁以上。该项目的目的是开发一种新的技术，能够以简单、常规和非侵入性的方式专门测量骨骼健康。具体地说，指甲、头发和尿液的化学成分将被优化为骨骼健康的综合衡量标准。这项研究的目的是收集接受DXA扫描的绝经前妇女的指甲、头发和尿样，作为常规临床护理的一部分。指甲和尿液光谱数据的化学成分将与DXA扫描的骨密度数据相对应。通过从个人收集BMD值范围内的数据，可以优化设备的光谱范围和光学组件，以用于原型设备的设计和开发。在整个过程中，用户参与组将就设备的开发提供输入，以专门为最终原型的设计和使用做出贡献，包括用户与数据输出的交互。

Osteoporosis affects 3 million people in the UK and associated treatment, including for fragility fractures, costs the NHS £4.4 billion a year (NICE, impact falls and fragility fractures). There is a significant negative impact on quality of life to individuals with an increased risk of fracture, and increased morbidity and mortality for those who have had a fracture. All adults reach a peak bone mass at around the age of 30 years, from this point on there is some maintenance and then a decrease in bone mass. There is a significant decrease associated with the menopause due to the decrease in oestrogen. This is an important problem because 1 in 2 women and 1 in 5 men will develop osteoporosis; with an ageing population the number of people with this condition will increase. This is detrimental to individuals and society, as well as a significant healthcare burden to the NHS. There is no screening programme for osteoporosis, and the majority of research studies and interventions are focused on the over 60s. The aim of this project is to develop a novel technology that can specifically measure bone health in a simple, regular and non-invasive way. Specifically, the chemistry of nail, hair and urine will be optimised as a combined measure of bone health. The objectives of this study are to collect nail, hair and urine samples from pre-menopausal women undergoing a DXA scan as part of routine clinical care. The chemistry from the nail and urine spectral data will be mapped against the bone mineral density data from the DXA scan. By collecting data from individuals across a range of BMD values, the spectral range and optical components of the device can be optimised for the design and development of a prototype device. Throughout a user engagement group will provide input on the development of the device, to specifically contribute to the design and use of the final prototype, including user interaction with the data output.