BRAIN STRUCTURE--EARLY FOCAL LESIONS,LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT, WILLIAMS/DOWN SYNDROME

该中心的实验核心部分有四个目标：（1）研究 正常儿童大脑形态的成熟，反映在 磁共振成像（MRI），从出生到8岁;（2） 努力定义局灶性脑梗死儿童的正常成熟偏差 早期大脑损伤;（3）脑部检查 两种形式的严重精神分裂症的婴儿和儿童的形态 （4）临床脑成像档案的维护 为其他儿童获得的研究报告（电影和磁带，如果有的话） 参与中心的研究。 我们最近的研究结果强调了学习的重要性 更多关于幼儿正常大脑成熟的本质，以及 在这些正常的过程中， 对大脑的伤害。 因此，我们建议重点研究 0 - 8岁正常儿童和单发病灶儿童 大脑中动脉的分布由于血管损伤 在生命的第一年里， 其主要目标是 比较研究的主要内容是：（1）界定其性质、位置和范围 急性血管病变的一组婴儿局灶性脑损伤;（2） 描述这些病变的残留和继发性影响， 2奥尔兹的脑形态;（3）通过将这些图像与 那些来自正常年龄匹配的对照组，以确定病变是否以及如何 影响大脑的成熟;（4）将对大脑的影响 形态学的急性和长期的行为后果， 病变 第二项研究将对早期的WS和DS研究进行随访， 患有WS的婴儿和患有两种综合征的8岁儿童与年龄匹配 对照 这些研究将是横向和纵向的， 自然 他们的设计在很大程度上反映了 与幼儿学习有关的限制。 的目的 WS和DS受试者的研究是为了确定（1） 在年龄较大的WS和DS儿童中观察到的大体形态学异常是 出生后不久就完全呈现;（2）在多大程度上它们通过进化 与产后成熟过程的相互作用。

This experimental core component of the Center has four goals: (1) a study of the maturation of brain morphology in normal children, as reflected in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), from birth to eight years of age; (2) an effort to define deviations from normal maturation in children with focal damage to the cerebrum sustained early in life; (3) an examination of brain morphology in infants and children with two forms of severe mental retardation; (4) maintenance of an archive of clinical brain-imaging studies (films and, when available, tapes) obtained for other children participating in the Center studies. The results of our recent studies underscore the importance of learning more about the nature of normal brain maturation in younger children, and of defining any alterations in these normal processes that attend early damage to the brain. We, therefore, propose a major focus on the study of normal children aged 0 to 8 years, and children with single focal lesions in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery due to vascular damage sustained during the first year of life. The primary goals of this comparative study will be: (1) to define the nature, location, and extent of acute vascular lesions in a group of babies with focal brain damage; (2) to characterize the residual and secondary effects of these lesions on brain morphology in two year olds; (3) by comparison of these images to those from normal age-matched controls, to determine if and how the lesions affect the maturation of the brain; and (4) to relate the effects on brain morphology to the acute and long-term behavioral consequences of the lesions. A second study will follow-up on earlier studies of WS and DS will compare infants with WS and 8-year-old children with both syndromes to age-matched controls. These studies will be both cross-sectional and longitudinal in nature. Their designs reflect to a considerable degree the ethical constraints relevant to the study of young children. The aim of the studies with WS and DS subjects is to determine (1) to what extent the gross morphological abnormalities observed in older WS and DS children are fully present soon after birth; and (2) to what extent they evolve through interaction with post-natal maturational processes.