Latin American Chinese European Galaxy Formation Network

天文学的惊人突破是由观测进展和开创性的计算机模拟相结合推动的。模拟现在被认为对天文数据的解释和利用是必不可少的。欧洲在这一领域处于世界领先地位。我们的目标是建立在一个非常成功的Horizon 2020 Rise网络之上，以避免专业知识的分散和超级计算机资源集中在几个小组中。我们将通过在这一主题的主要国际中心之间进行国际流动来实现这一点。LACEGAL的目标包括解决一些最大的科学问题：*什么是暗物质，它的性质如何影响星系和星系团？*宇宙加速膨胀背后的暗能量是什么，它与物理学的其他部分有什么关系？它是一个宇宙学常数、一种新的质量能量形式，还是对爱因斯坦引力理论的低能偏离？星系是如何获得其观察到的形态的？是什么决定了它们的特性？*我们的银河系是如何形成的？如何从保存在其恒星群中的“考古”记录中读出这一点？我们的研究计划雄心勃勃，具有开创性。只有通过工作人员交流提供的机会，使世界各国领导人在广泛领域汇聚一堂，解决共同问题，才有可能。研究人员的交换将提供交付我们计划所需的临界质量。LACEGAL将提供独特的培训机会，建立持久的合作关系。LACEGAL将是使欧洲能够利用其在观测设施方面的巨大投资的关键，例如探索暗能量性质的欧几里得任务，并在国际项目中建立欧洲的领导地位，如暗能量光谱仪、欧几里德、传统空间和时间调查以及平方公里阵列。

Spectacular breakthroughs in astronomy have been driven by a combination of observational advances and groundbreaking computer simulations. Simulations are now accepted as being essential for the interpretation and exploitation of astronomical data. Europe is a world leader in this area. Our aim is to build on a highly successful Horizon2020 RISE network to avoid fragmentation of expertise and concentration of supercomputer resources in a few groups. We will do this through international mobility between leading international centres in the subject. The LACEGAL objectives include addressing some of the biggest questions in science: * What is Dark Matter and how do its properties affect galaxies and galaxy clusters? * What is the Dark Energy behind the accelerating expansion of the Universe and how does it relate to the rest of physics? Is it a cosmological constant, a new form of mass-energy, or a low-energy deviation from Einstein's theory of gravity? * How did galaxies acquire their observed forms? What determines their characteristic properties? * How did our galaxy, the Milky Way, form and how can this be read from the "archeological" record preserved in its stellar populations? Our research program is ambitious and ground-breaking. It is only possible through the opportunity that the Staff Exchange provides to bring together world leaders in a wide range of areas to work on common problems. The exchange of researchers will provide the critical mass is necessary to deliver our program. LACEGAL will providing unique training opportunities and build lasting collaborations. LACEGAL will be key in allowing Europe to exploit its huge investment in observational facilities, such as the Euclid mission to probe the nature of dark energy, and to build European leadership in international projects, such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, Euclid, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time, and the Square Kilometre Array.