Mechanics and Design of Kirigami-Based Energy Dissipating Devices

结构对极端载荷（如地震、爆炸或冲击）的响应对于许多结构的设计至关重要。建筑法规要求设计师考虑合理可预见的极端荷载事件，并相应地设计结构。在大多数情况下，设计一个结构来抵抗极端载荷而不受损坏是不可行的，或者在经济上是不可行的。因此，采取了一种限制破坏程度和防止不相称倒塌的策略，即在结构中加入耗能装置，将极端事件产生的能量吸收到易于更换的元件中。在抗震设计中，由滞回阻尼器或粘滞阻尼器等装置组成的被动附加阻尼系统可以在不增加成本的情况下使用。这些装置从结构中耗散地震能量，减少位移和损坏，但可能需要在事件发生后进行维修或更换。对于爆炸和冲击场景，可以在局部采用消能系统，例如在包层中，以保护主要结构元件免受过度施加的载荷的影响。Kirigami是折纸的一种形式，也包括削减。这使得复杂的变形3D形状能够从平板生成。弹出式贺卡是一个熟悉的例子。从工程到生物化学，各种科学学科的研究人员都对通过在平板材料中定位切口的简单行为而可能实现的各种形状和令人兴奋的机械行为着迷。这个项目建立在过去十年来物理学、应用数学和工程界对kirigami力学的研究热潮之上。虽然许多kirigami研究强调了应用的潜力，但到目前为止这些还没有实现。该项目旨在将大量的基础研究转化为kirigami力学的应用，特别是在结构工程中，通过解决阻碍kirigami耗能设备发展的问题，特别是缺乏金属kirigami结构的预测模型和设计方法。研究结果将应用于结构爆炸和地震防护概念验证装置的设计和测试。了解这些现象，以及设计方法的发展，将扩大材料的使用范围，以及kirigami的应用，使国家和国际kirigami社区受益。虽然本项目中考虑的应用程序是在结构工程中，但在许多其他领域也有自然的应用程序，从机械和航空航天工程到包装设计，扩大了本项目输出的适用性。此外，我们的社会将更广泛地受益于更安全和更有弹性的基础设施，这些基础设施可以使用基于kirigami的能量吸收器进行爆炸和地震防护。

The response of a structure to extreme loads, such as an earthquake, explosive blast, or impact is critical to the design of many structures. Building regulations require designers to consider reasonably foreseeable extreme loading events and design the structure accordingly. In most cases it is not feasible, or economically viable, to design a structure to resist extreme loads undamaged. Therefore, a strategy to limit the extent of damage and prevent disproportionate collapse is adopted.Energy-dissipating devices are incorporated into structures to absorb the energy from extreme events into easily replaceable elements. In seismic design passive supplemental damping systems consisting of devices such as hysteretic or viscus dampers can be incorporated without excessive cost. These devices dissipate seismic energy from the structure, reducing displacements and damage, but may need to be repaired or replaced after the event. For blast and impact scenarios, energy-dissipating systems can be adopted at a local level, for example in the cladding, to protect the main structural elements from excessive applied loads. Kirigami is a form of origami that also includes cuts. This enables complex morphing 3D shapes to be generated from flat sheets. Pop-up greeting cards are a familiar example. Researchers in a wide variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from engineering to biochemistry, have been fascinated by the variety of shapes and exciting mechanical behaviours made possible through the simple act of locating cuts in a flat sheet of material. This project builds on the surge of research into the mechanics of kirigami over the past ten years from the physics, applied mathematics, and engineering communities. While many kirigami studies highlight the potential of applications, so far these have not been realised. This project aims to translate the substantial body of fundamental research into kirigami mechanics to applications, specifically in structural engineering, by addressing the issues holding back the development of kirigami-based energy-dissipating devices, specifically the lack of predictive models and design methodologies for metallic kirigami structures. The results will then be applied to the design and testing of proof-of-concept devices for blast and earthquake protection of structures. Understanding these phenomena, and the development of design methodologies, will broaden the range of materials used for, and the applications of kirigami benefiting the national and international kirigami community. While the applications considered in this project are within structural engineering, there are also natural applications in many other fields ranging from Mechanical and Aerospace engineering to packaging design broadening the applicability of this project's outputs. Furthermore, our society more broadly will benefit from the safer and more resilient infrastructure made possible using kirigami-based energy absorbers for blast and earthquake protection.