STREAM 2: The SWITCH to Net Zero Buildings

该项目支持下塔尔伯特港郡自治委员会（NPTCBC）的战略，即采用斯旺西大学（SU）为住宅和非住宅建筑开发的“建筑作为发电站”的创新设计理念。NPTCBC的城市交易项目“住宅作为发电站”旨在通过采用净零原则，在5年内减少燃料贫困和相关的健康影响，为未来提供10,300套房屋，包括新建和改造。展示净零政策的经济影响，包括可持续的区域供应链增长、与现有产业的多样化和融合；预计GVA提升2.51亿英镑；创造1800多个技术岗位；15年来，公共和私营部门的杠杆投资达到4.9亿英镑。围绕可再生能源发电、供热和储能的选择、有效性和成本效益的不确定性影响新技术的采用。在苏，卡迪夫大学和南威尔士大学建立的联盟中存在重要的专业知识，这将与公民合作伙伴（NPTCBC，斯旺西湾城市地区和威尔士政府）以及以净零工业威尔士为代表的供应链评估，情景计划，扩大和进步机会。不一致的建筑管理系统和新技术的性能监测造成了进一步的不确定性。联盟专家将提供公正的监测解决方案，以了解有效性。循环经济和可持续建筑材料原则也将是一个关键考虑因素。以人为本的设计原则必须建立技术和控制系统，以确保它们是适当的和被采用的。除了建筑物本身的结构和能源系统之外，还有更广泛的地方和区域能源计划影响，必须对其进行建模，以便为决策过程提供证据和信心。主动建筑不是为孤立运行而设计的。他们可以利用自己产生、储存和释放能量的能力，使供应时变，并使需求侧能够作出反应。他们可以在其他建筑、国家电网、工业或交通基础设施之间进行能源交易。如果他们能够在当地管理需求高峰（调峰），他们就可以向电网提供更低、更稳定的负荷，从而使集中能源集中于工业脱碳（南威尔士是英国第二大排放高的工业集群）和运输电气化的需求。这创造了更能适应供需变化的社区。活跃建筑的供应链本身依赖于当地的基础行业，在这个高度社会经济贫困的地区，基础行业的平均薪酬比其他行业高出28%。多能系统集成方面的联盟专业知识可用于评估这些相互作用和依赖关系，从而在不同规模上创建健壮且响应迅速的服务。这种系统方法可以探索不同部门之间的共生机会。为实现向净零排放的公正过渡，社区参与在发展中发挥关键作用至关重要。协会内的社会用户接受专业知识涵盖了个人行为心理学和群体互动社会学，同时它与叙事、文化和遗产方面的专家的联系有助于讲故事。该主题跨越了EPSRC的所有战略目标，并与战略优先工程零净、能源和脱碳以及未来制造业的主题直接一致。该联盟在先进材料、循环经济和数字孪生等主题领域具有优势。这个PBIAA将使资源的灵活和敏捷部署成为可能，从而消除该地区采用净零建筑的障碍，这里的经济效益可以在其他地区复制，并将使英国各地的非联盟合作伙伴能够开展合作项目。

The SWITCH to Net Zero Buildings supports Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council's (NPTCBC) strategy to adopt the innovative design concept of 'buildings as power stations' developed at Swansea University (SU) for both homes and non-domestic buildings. NPTCBC's city deal project 'Homes as Powerstations' aims to future proof 10,300 properties, both new and retrofit, within 5 years by adopting net zero principles, reducing fuel poverty and the associated health implications. Demonstrating economic impacts of net zero policies, including sustainable regional supply chain growth, diversifying and integrating with existing industries; expected £251m GVA uplift; creating over 1800 skilled jobs; and £490m investment leveraged from public and private sectors over 15 years.Uncertainties around choice, effectiveness and cost benefits of renewable energy generation, heating and energy storage effect adoption of new technologies. Significant expertise exists within the established consortium of SU, Cardiff University and the University of South Wales, that will evaluate, scenario plan, scale up and progress opportunities with civic partners (NPTCBC, the Swansea Bay City Region and Welsh Government) and the supply chain represented by Net Zero Industry Wales. Inconsistent building management systems and performance monitoring of new technologies creates further uncertainty. Consortium expertise will provide unbiased monitoring solutions to understand the effectiveness. Circular economy and sustainable building material principles will also be a key consideration. Human-centred design principles must be built technology and control systems to ensure they are appropriate and adopted. Beyond the fabric and energy systems of buildings themselves, there are broader local and regional area energy plan implications which must be modelled to provide evidence and confidence to decision making processes. Active buildings are not designed to operate in isolation. They can use their ability to generate, store and release energy to time-shift supply and enable demand side response. They can trade energy to and from other buildings, national grid, industry or transport infrastructure. If they can locally manage peaks in demand (peak shaving) they can present a lower and more stable load to the grid, allowing centralised energy sources to focus on the demands of industrial decarbonisation (South Wales being UK's second highest emitting industrial cluster) and electrification of transport. This creates communities that are more resilient to changes in supply and demand. The supply chain for active buildings itself relies on the local foundation industries, which pay on average 28% higher than other sectors in this region of high socio-economic deprivation. Consortium expertise in multi-energy system integration can be used to assess these interactions and dependencies, creating robust and responsive services at differing scales. This systems approach allows exploration of opportunities for symbiosis across different sectors. To achieve a just transition to net zero it is critical that community involvement plays a key role in developments. Societal user acceptance expertise within the consortium covers the individual psychology of behaviour and sociology of group interactions, whilst its links to experts in narrative, culture and heritage help with storytelling. The theme crosses all EPSRC strategic objectives and is directly aligned with strategic priority engineering net zero and themes of energy and decarbonisation as well as manufacturing the future. The consortium has strength in thematic areas of advanced materials, circular economy and digital twins. This PBIAA will enable flexible and agile deployment of resources to unblock barriers to adoption of net zero buildings in the region, with economic benefits felt here being replicable in other regions, and will enable collaborative projects with non-consortium partners across the UK.