DIET, MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND FETAL GROWTH

这项研究是由亚的斯亚贝巴市议会赞助的，作为 低收入家庭之前的健康和营养评估 计划为妇女和儿童提供食物补充计划。这 由于价格的突然上涨，启动了特定的计划 政府政策实施后的基本食物项目 更倾向于国家控制生产和分配所有 必需品。 家庭饮食对胎儿生长影响的研究起源于 观察到，在埃塞俄比亚，那里的食物能量严重不足 在普遍的情况下，似乎没有相应的胎儿生长缺陷。 这一观察结果与普遍认为的饮食 孕期能量缺乏会导致胎儿发育迟缓。 然而，最近的几行证据表明，胎儿的生长发育 通过适应性过程加以保护。在可能的适应机制中 领域：1)更高的体力工作效率；2)更大的动员能力 母体能量储备(脂肪沉积)；3)血流动力学调节 以维持充足的子宫血流。 到目前为止的数据分析表明，饮食中的能量缺乏处于低水平 收入家庭与营养状况缺乏有关 如图所示，妊娠晚期和产褥期 通过减少皮褶厚度和体重指数。妊娠晚期 营养不良的患者舒张压显著降低 怀孕了。尽管在统计上有180克的差异 在营养不良和营养不良的后代之间检测到出生体重 在营养充足的情况下，目前尚不清楚这种差异是否应归因于 一个人节食。

The study was sponsored by the City Council of Addis Ababa as part of health and nutritional assessment of low income families prior to planning a food supplementation program for women and children. This particular program was initiated because of sudden increase in the price of essential food items following implementation of government policies that preferred state control of production and distribution of all essential commodities. The study of the effect of home diet on fetal growth arose from the observation that in Ethiopia, where severe deficiency in food energy is prevalent, there appears to be no corresponding deficit in fetal growth. This observation is at variance with the generally held view that dietary energy deficit during pregnancy leads to fetal growth retardation. However, several lines of recent evidence suggest that fetal growth is protected through adaptive processes. Among possible adaptive mechanisms area: 1) higher physical work efficiency; 2) greater mobilization of maternal energy reserves (fat deposits); and 3) hemodynamic adjustments to maintain adequate uterine perfusion. Data analysis to date showed that the dietary energy deficits in low income families were associated with deficiencies in nutritional status of the gravida during the third trimester and the puerperium as reflected by reduced skinfold thickness and body mass index. Third trimester diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in poorly nourished gravida. Although a statistically significant difference of 180 g in birth weight was detected between the offspring of the undernourished and adequately nourished, it is not yet clear whether this difference is due to diet alone.