RACCTURK: Rock-cut Architecture and Christian Communities in Turkey, from Antiquity to 1923

雕刻在岩石上的教堂有一个故事要讲。尽管它们在世界范围内数量众多，但在考古研究中，它们并没有像砖石教堂那样受到重视。这种情况通常是由于很难确定这些建筑的年代，缺乏对它们在当地历史景观中的地位和作为活遗产的传记的了解。这些问题阻碍了研究人员利用岩石切割教堂作为有价值的资源来调查基督教社区及其景观的定居历史。创新项目“岩石切割建筑和土耳其基督教社区，从古代晚期到1923年”（RACCTURK），通过发展一种混合方法和提出一些原创性问题来关注这些问题：随着时间的推移，岩石切割教堂对理解宗教农村社区的经济结构、社会网络和占领策略有多大贡献？该项目将在卡帕多西亚（土耳其）进行，重点关注被列入联合国教科文组织暂定名单的Koramaz山谷，在那里保存了密集的岩石切割教堂网络，以及从古代到1923年基督教社区离开该地区建造和岩石切割的纪念碑。该项目的多方法融合了历史景观表征方法、建筑考古学、社会人类学、地质学和地理信息学。它旨在为研究人员提供方法论和理论上的里程碑，以重新考虑岩石切割教堂作为有价值的考古来源。RACCTURK将促进文化遗产和非物质文化遗产的发展，以造福农村社区，加强欧洲和土耳其学者之间的研究交流，以及私营部门和学术部门在文化遗产推广方面的伙伴关系。通过提供卡帕多西亚基督教文化遗产的数字工具，RACCTURK将帮助发展面向欧洲公民的可持续旅游业。

Churches carved into the rock have a story to tell. Despite their large number world-wide, they have not received as much attention as masonry-built churches in archaeological studies. This situation is usually explained by the difficulty to date these structures, by the lack of knowledge on their place within local historical landscapes and on their biography as living heritage. These issues have prevented researchers from using rock-cut churches as valuable sources to investigate the Christian communities and the settlement history of their landscape. The innovative project Rock-cut Architecture and Christian Communities in Turkey, from Late Antiquity to 1923 (RACCTURK), focuses on these issues by developing a mix-method approach and asking original questions: How much do rock-cut churches contribute to the understanding of economic structure, social networks and occupation strategies of religious rural communities over time? The project will take place in Cappadocia (Turkey), focusing on the valley of Koramaz - inscribed on the tentative list of UNESCO - where a dense network of rock-cut churches is preserved as well as built and rock-cut monuments from Antiquity until the departure of the Christian communities from the region in 1923. The project' multi-method merges historical landscape characterization method, building archaeology, social anthropology, geology and geomatics. It aims to provide researchers with methodological and theoretical landmarks to reconsider rock-cut churches as valuable archaeological sources. RACCTURK will promote Cultural Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage for the benefit of rural communities, strengthen the research exchanges between European and Turkish scholars as well as partnership between private and academic sectors in the Cultural Heritage promotion. By providing digital tools on the Cappadocian Christian Cultural Heritage, RACCTURK will help to develop sustainable tourism oriented towards European citizens.