Digital Tools for Sustainable Water Resources Management: Integrating impact of change of climate, land use, and optimised solutions

极端气候事件会给人类社会和生态系统带来巨大影响。洪水、干旱和热浪等极端水文气候事件的发生，伴随着极端强度的增加，在全球范围内呈上升趋势。人为气候变化引起的全球变暖改变了水循环，加剧了水质挑战。这些挑战包括城市化地区的污染径流流入河流和湖泊等接收水体，造成富营养化问题，有害藻华增加和病原体负荷高。因此，我们的饮用水供应、生态系统服务和人类健康受到威胁。我们的水有多健康？我们能否确保接收水体，例如饮用水源或康乐用水的安全？我们能应对未来的气候事件吗？我们能否测试和找到最佳的解决方案，供水务行业的利益相关者在运作和规划中使用？这些都是我们波兰、瑞典和英国共同努力解决的关键问题，这些国家在水资源管理方面具有先进的能力。水文气候极端事件中的水管理需要在流域尺度上进行系统分析，包括上游和下游的观点。近年来，水务行业的数字化发展、水质监测和风险预警的先进传感器、人工智能和机器学习结合基于过程的建模的先进计算，推动了水管理的发展和促进。因此，通过我们在水管理知识和我们领域的前沿发展方面的能力联盟的共同努力，将使我们的水管理更加明智，并激励欧洲内外水部门的许多参与者。我们的目标是通过整合气候变化、土地利用和优化解决方案的影响，开发可持续水资源管理的数字工具。我们致力于解决的具体水问题是富营养化、有毒藻华和致病性污染。从城市防洪到3D技术应用，从传感器开发到先进的过程建模，从人工智能水质预测到科学公民参与，我们的能力亮点各不相同。这种整合以后可以扩展到水管理的其他数量和质量方面。以下是我们在该领域的研究进展的一些细节。城市地区的洪水和干旱风险及其后果：建立智慧城市非常需要可持续和创新的水解决方案，特别是对宜居性和充足和安全的水供应至关重要的水挑战，以满足社会需求。（英国）硬件和软件的进步：将展示数据集成和3D可视化的最新发展（波兰）气候室：我们将使用受控气候室进行未来情景分析和验证建模结果（瑞典）水生生态和多样性：我们调查并将极端天气事件的影响纳入未来藻华的概念模型，从而填补关键的知识空白。在水质监测方面的进展：传感器和大数据分析的影响非常显著，我们将使用新开发的传感器生成水质数据（细菌和藻类质量），并将其与卫星数据相结合。（英国、波兰和瑞典）水资源管理的数字化：我们将在我们的新项目TWIN-Waters中开发一个集成的3D水动力和水质模型（包含实时传感器数据）。我们将通过测试和实施新的传感器、卫星开源数据和服务、具有人工智能和先进数据分析的模型（早期预警或预测）以及采用创新方式的交互式报告，在流域范围内应用这一技术，以更好地沟通水资源管理。

Extreme climatic events can bring considerable impacts on human societies and ecosystems. The occurrence of hydroclimate extremes, such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, accompanied by increasing extreme magnitudes, has been rising worldwide. Global warming induced by human-caused climate change has changed the hydrological cycle and intensified water quality challenges. These challenges include polluted runoff from urbanised areas flowing into receiving water bodies such as rivers and lakes, causing eutrophication problems, increased harmful algal blooms and high pathogen loads. Consequently, our drinking water supply, ecosystem services and human health are threatened. How healthy is our water? Can we make our receiving water bodies, such as drinking water sources or recreational waters safe? Can we cope with future climatic events? Can we test and find optimised solutions which can be used in operation and planning by stakeholders in the water sector? Those are vital questions that our joint efforts from Poland, Sweden, and the UK, with advanced competence in water resources management, are trying to tackle.Water management in hydroclimatic extreme events requires systematic analysis, which includes both upstream and downstream perspectives, on a catchment scale. Water management has been advanced and facilitated by recent developments in digitalisation in the water industry, advanced sensors in water quality monitoring and risk warning, and advanced computation with AI and machine learning combined with process-based modelling. Therefore, joint efforts through our competent consortium in water management knowledge and cutting-edge development in our field will make our water management smarter and inspire many players in the water sector in and outside Europe. We aim to develop digital tools for sustainable water resources management by integrating the impact of change of climate, land use, and optimised solutions. The specific water problems we aim to contribute to are eutrophication, toxic algal blooms, and pathogenic contamination. The highlight of our competence varies from urban flood control to 3D technology application, sensor development to advanced process-based modelling, and AI for water quality prediction to science citizen engagement. The integration can later be expanded to other quantity and quality aspects of water management. Below are some details of our research advancement in the field.Flooding and drought risks in urban areas and their consequences: Sustainable and innovative water solutions are highly required for Smart Cities to be established, particularly the water challenges critical for liveability and adequate and safe water supply for societal needs. (UK)Advancement in hardware and software: Current development of data integration and 3D visualisation will be demonstrated (Poland)Climate chambers: We will employ the use of controlled climatic chambers for future scenario analysis and for verifying modelling results (Sweden)Aquatic ecology and diversity: We investigate and include the effect of extreme weather events in conceptual models for future algal blooms, thereby filling critical knowledge gaps.Advancement in water quality monitoring: The influence of sensors and Big Data analytics is very significant, we will employ the use of newly developed sensors to generate water quality data (bacterial and algal quality) and combine this with satellite data. (UK, Poland & Sweden)The digitalisation of water resources management: We will develop an integrated 3D hydrodynamic and water quality model and (incorporate real-time sensor data) in our new project (TWIN-Waters). We will apply this at catchment scale by testing and implementing new sensors, satellite open-source data and service, models (early warning or prediction) with AI and advanced data analysis, and interactive reporting with innovative ways for better communication in water resources management.