The development and implementation of sensors and treatment technologies for freshwater systems in India

理由：我们的农业、工业和人类的生存都需要淡水。获得优质水对可持续的社会经济增长至关重要。淡水生态系统是有限的，并且受到破坏性土地利用和水管理做法以及日益工业化造成的日益严重的环境退化的全球性威胁。印度的社会经济活动、城市化、工业运营和农业实践的规模已经达到了印度各地的流域受到严重影响的程度。例如，印度淡水资源中普遍存在严重的有机污染，导致严重的毒性负担、溶解氧水平的消耗和严重的致病性污染。由于污水、农用工业废水和农业径流造成的营养物富集而引起的富营养化，对湖泊和淤积的河流产生了极大的影响。地下水体容易受到废物倾倒、采矿和工业排放物的浸出。最后，尽管存在潜在威胁，但新出现的水污染物，例如内分泌干扰化学品（EDCs）的分布、规模和水平在很大程度上是未知的。如果我们要采取行动，在各级提供解决办法，就必须解决目前和未来对集水区的污染威胁的后果。通过时间和空间监测重要生物和化学参数的传感器的实施是准确评估的不可或缺的基础，而部署最先进的水处理技术以去除污染物将加强水的保护和安全。命题：第一；提高我们确定水道中存在污染的能力，并发展新的传感方法，以帮助从源头减少或防止污染。我们将通过；部署和实施由UWE、Bristol和Chelsea Technology Group （CTG）开发的新型原位荧光传感器，这是当前NERC Grant （NE/K007572/1）的一部分。利用生物报告菌株开发一种新型细菌生物传感器，该传感器最初是在印度（Bose研究所）构想的，用于检测水体和废水中的内分泌干扰化学物质。其次;制订新方法，透过以下途径减少或防止在源头发现的上述污染；基于超滤膜技术和生物反应器的细菌修复技术，为农村和城市地区开发新型离网处理技术，以去除上述污染物。长期影响：了解污水污染的影响和印度淡水集水区的细菌质量。量化污水污染水平随时间和空间的变化，并了解这些变化如何受到土地使用和污水排放的影响。我们的荧光传感器将用于识别、监测和检测进入集水区（包括城市化地区）的污水排放的细菌污染。利用生物报告菌株研制一种细菌传感器，用于污水和淡水中内分泌干扰物的检测。我们还将评估这些生物传感器菌株在基于生物反应器的EDCs修复中的分解代谢潜力的可行性，并实施离网UF膜技术平台来处理细菌污染。这项英国/印度伙伴关系将涉及在印度部署英国开发的技术，以及随后在英国开发受印度启发的传感器和治疗方法。

The Rationale: We need freshwater for agriculture, industry and human existence. Access to good quality water is essential for sustainable socio-economic growth. Freshwater ecosystems are finite and globally threatened by increasing environmental degradation caused by destructive land-use and water-management practices and increasing industrialization. The scale of socio-economic activities, urbanisation, industrial operations and agricultural practices in India has reached the point where watersheds across India are being severely impacted. For example, gross organic pollution in India's freshwater resources are common place, resulting in severe toxic burdens, depletion of dissolved oxygen levels and severe pathogenic contamination. Eutrophication, arising from enrichment with nutrients caused by sewage and agro-industrial effluents and agricultural run-off, greatly impact on lakes and impounded rivers. Groundwater bodies are susceptible to leaching from waste dumps, mining and industrial discharges. Finally, despite their potential threat, the distribution, scale and levels of newly emerging water contaminants, e.g. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are largely unknown. We must address the consequences of both present and future contaminant threats to water catchments if we are to provide action that provide solutions at all levels. The implementation of sensors for monitoring important biological and chemical parameters, through time and space, is the indispensable basis for accurate assessments whilst the deployment of state-of-the-art water treatment technologies for the removal of pollutants will enhance water protection and security.The Proposition: Firstly; improve our ability to determine the presence of pollution in water courses and the development of novel sensing approaches to help reduce or prevent pollution at source. We will do this via; The deployment and implementation of new in situ fluorescence sensors that have been developed by UWE, Bristol and Chelsea Technology Group (CTG) as part of a current NERC Grant (NE/K007572/1) The development of a novel bacterial bio-sensor using bio-reporter strains that was first conceived in India (Bose Institute), for the detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in water bodies and effluents. Secondly; develop novel approaches to reduce or prevent pollution detected above at the source via; The development of novel off-grid treatment technologies, for rural and urban areas, to remove pollutants (sensed above) based on ultrafiltration membrane technology and bacterial remediation using bio-reactors.Longer-term Impact: To understand the impact of sewage contamination and the bacterial quality of freshwater catchments in India. To quantify changes in sewage contamination levels through time and space and to understand how these changes are affected by land use and effluent discharges. Our fluorescence sensor will be used to identify, monitor and detect bacterial contamination from sewage discharges entering waters at a catchment scale, including urbanised areas. To develop a bacterial sensor, using bio-reporter strains, for the detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in discharges and freshwaters. We will also assess the feasibility of the catabolic potential of these biosensor strains for bioreactor-based remediation of EDCs and implement an off-grid UF membrane technology platform for the treatment of bacterial contamination. This UK/India partnership will involve the deployment of UK developed technologies in India and the subsequent development of Indian inspired sensors and treatment approaches in the UK.