Understanding The Political Representation of Men: A Novel Approach to Making Politics More Inclusive

作为第一个考察男性政治代表性的研究，MENSREP在理论和经验上都开辟了新的天地。男性在政治中的主导地位会滋生对男性代表的自满情绪，但在种族和阶级等指标上，男性政客的多样性不如女性政客。这一点很重要，因为男性有独特的性别需求，这些需求与他们的其他特征相交。例如，教育和健康结果的性别差异在不同的男性群体中有所不同。精英男性政客的利益与其他男性的利益不同，导致了伤害许多男性的政策。政治中的男子汉文化阻碍了对敏感话题的讨论，还激励精英男性以牺牲女性和弱势男性的利益为代价，保持自己的主导地位。MENSREP认为，政治上更多的多样性--无论是在性别之间还是在他们内部--可以改善男性和女性的代表性结果。在我在这一领域的开创性工作的基础上，它着眼于男性是如何代表的，由谁代表，以及产生什么影响。它确定了代表男性提出要求的“关键行为者”，并探索了政客和男性运动之间的联系。它开发了一个新的理论框架，用于检查关键参与者的意识形态、他们所针对的群体以及他们的最终目标。该框架帮助我们区分支持或敌视女权主义的代表，包容不同男性或关注范围狭窄的代表，以及寻求变革性或维护现状的代表。MENSREP使用混合方法，包括定量分析更多样化的立法机构是否会为男性带来更好的结果；对政治家和男性运动之间的关系进行网络分析；访谈；以及议会辩论的内容分析。MENSREP开辟了一个全新的研究领域，为极端主义运动提供了亟需的反叙事，并有可能解决重大政策问题。

MENSREP breaks new ground theoretically and empirically as the first study to examine the political representation of men. Male dominance in politics fosters complacency about men's representation, yet male politicians are less diverse than their female counterparts on measures such as race and class. This matters, because men have distinctive gendered needs that intersect with their other traits. For example, education and health outcomes are gendered in ways that vary between different groups of men. The interests of elite male politicians are not the same as those of other men, resulting in policies that disserve many men. Cultures of masculinity in politics hinder discussion of sensitive topics and also motivate elite men to preserve their dominance at the expense of women and disadvantaged men. MENSREP argues that more diversity in politics - both between the sexes and within them - can improve representational outcomes for men and women. Building on my pioneering work in this area, it looks at how men are represented, by whom, and to what effect. It identifies the "critical actors" who make claims on behalf of men, and explores linkages between politicians and men's movements. It develops a new theoretical framework for examining the ideology of critical actors, the groups they are targeting, and their end goals. The framework helps us to distinguish between representation that is aligned with or hostile to feminism, that is inclusive of diverse men or narrow in its focus, and that seeks to be transformative or to defend the status quo. MENSREP uses mixed methods, including quantitative analysis of whether more diverse legislatures produce better outcomes for men; network analysis of the relationships between politicians and men's movements; interviews; and content analysis of parliamentary debates. MENSREP opens up a whole newresearch field, offers a much-needed counter-narrative to extremist movements, and has the potential to address major policy problems.