IMAGINE - Ion beaM Analysis to decipher the bioloGical response Induced by Nanoplastics at Environmentally realistic concentration

调查纳米塑料(NPs)对水生生物影响的研究使用的浓度比公开海洋预测的浓度高2至7个数量级。这些研究将社区分为因观察到的生态毒理效应而发出警报的人和预测环境中NP浓度远低于任何阈值影响的人。大多数实验设计不充分，因此结果不令人满意。由于缺乏适当的NP模型、分析方法和预测NP浓度的监测策略，符合目的的实验设计一直受到阻碍。使用[14C]NPs和常规核技术，我最近模拟了扇贝，长期暴露在环境现实浓度(15......g/L)下的扇贝可能会累积并达到NPs的身体负担，在那里发出警报的人会观察到影响。令人惊讶的是，这表明NPs可能已经超过了生物体内的阈值效应，危害了海洋生物。在这里，我提出了一种创新的方法，它将克服分析限制，将潜在的局部生物反应与现实环境下NPs的测绘和量化联系起来。通过开发生产最多的塑料的[14C]NPs，然后结合加速器质谱学、离子束分析和质谱学成像的分析能力，想象一下将回答海洋中的NPs是否已经超过“阈值效应”浓度？这一新的分析方法将提供一种独特的视角，了解NPs在慢性暴露后的潜在影响，并将：1)提供关键的内在放射性标记的NP模型；2)开发分析套件以生成空间分辨的毒代动力学和代谢数据；3)在预测的NPs浓度下进行NPs的慢性暴露；4)回答关键的NPs是否在预测的浓度下积累并引发局部生物反应

Studies investigating the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on aquatic organisms used concentrations between 2 to 7 order-of-magnitudes higher than those predicted in the open ocean. These studies divided the community between those sounding the alarm due to the observed ecotoxicological effects, and those predicting that NP concentrations in the environment are far below any threshold-effect.Most experiments were inadequately designed, and thus the results unsatisfying. Fit-to-purpose experimental designs have been hindered by a lack of appropriate NP models, analytical methods, and monitoring strategies for predicted NP concentrations. Using [14C]NPs and conventional nuclear techniques, I have recently modelled that scallops, chronically exposed (> 1 y) to environmentally realistic NP concentrations (15 .........g/L) might accumulate and reach NPs body burden where effects are observed by those sounding the alarm. Astonishingly, this suggests that NPs might already be beyond threshold-effects in organisms and harmingthe marine biota.Here, I propose an innovative approach that will overcome the analytical limitations to correlate potential local biological responses with mapping and quantification of NPs under realistic environmental settings. By developing [14C]NPs of the most produced plastics, and combining then with the analytical power of the accelerator mass spectrometry, ion beam analysis and mass spectrometry imaging, IMAGINE will answer whether NPs in the oceans are already beyond "threshold-effect" concentrations? This novel analytical approach will provide a unique insight into the potential effects of NPs following chronic exposures and will:1) provide key intrinsically radiolabelled NP models;2) develop an analytical suite to generate spatially-resolved toxicokinetic and metabolomic data;3) perform chronic NPs exposures at predicted NPs concentrations;4) answer whether key NPs accumulate and induce local biological responses at predicted concentration