EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF A MODEL SYSTEM

该计划项目被认为是一项共同努力，以调查一些 进化遗传学中的关键问题。该项目制定了一个多层次的 以果蝇为模型系统的水平研究计划。主 目标如下： (1)克隆超氧化物以检验“分子进化时钟” 歧化酶(SOD基因在一些双翅目昆虫中的基因区域在LAS上分化 并将其与人类和其他生物的超氧化物歧化酶进行比较 为了确定这个基因是否经历了加速进化 哺乳动物，正如所声称的那样。 (2)对大量黑腹果蝇的超氧化物歧化酶区域进行测序 从四个地理区域到一定程度的遗传变异 以及种群之间的差异。超氧化物歧化酶基因特别重要，因为 它明显参与了对辐射和化学物质的抵抗， 以及衰老。 (3)对15个基因中的其他4个基因区域(Gpdh、adh、xdh和ddc)进行测序 并对果蝇刺激物和D。 Wilistoni，以检验从SOD结果得出的结论 在黑腹蛇中。 (4)从理论和经验上审视变化的后果 特定年龄选择和依赖密度选择的组合。 (5)确定对年龄作出反应的各种生理机制- 特定或特定于密度和依赖于密度的自然选择。 这项研究计划对推进我们的基础工作具有重要意义 了解遗传病，以及其他健康问题，如 哪些模型系统至关重要。计划项目由一个核心部分组成 和五个独立的组成部分项目，每个项目将由两个或两个 五位P&>S中的三位，每一位的组合各不相同 组件。这些组件在概念上是高度相互依赖的，在 试验方法，并在共享共用设施。

This Program Project is conceived as a concerted effort to investigate some keystone issues in evolutionary genetics. The Project formulates a multi- level research program that utilized Drosophila as a model system. The main objectives are as follows: (1) To test "molecular evolutionary clock" by cloning the superoxide dismutase (SOD gene region in a number of dipterans diverged over the las 80 million years and compare it with the SOD of humans and other organisms to ascertain whether this gene has experienced an accelerated evolution in the mammals, as has been claimed. (2) To sequence the SOD region in a large number of Drosophila melanogaster from four geographic regions to certain levels of genetic variation within and between populations. The SOD gene is particularly significant because of its apparent involvement in resistance to radiation and chemical agents, as well as aging. (3) To sequence four other gene regions (Gpdh, Adh, Xdh, and Ddc) in the 15 dipterans, and to sequence Sod i populations of Drosophila stimulants and D willistoni, in order to test the conclusions derived from the SOD results in D. melanogaster. (4) To examine theoretically and empirically the consequences of varying combinations of age-specific and density-dependent selection. (5) To determine the various physiological mechanisms that respond to age- specific or density-specific and density-dependent natural selection. This research program is highly relevant to advance our fundamental understanding of genetic disease and again among other health problems, for which model systems are critical. The Program Project consists of a core and five separate component projects, each of which will be led two or three of the five P>I>s in combinations that vary from one to another component. The components are highly interdependent conceptually, in experimental approach, and in the sharing of common facilities.