DRUG SELF-ADMINISTRATION--ENVIRONMENTAL & PHARMACOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS

药物自我管理，就像其他习得的行为一样，是后天获得的， 进行维护，并可以熄灭和重新启动。环境(例如， 增援时间表)、药理(例如，药物剂量)和 生物变量可能会影响药物维持行为。目的 本建议中的研究之一是使用药物的动物模型 滥用以调查环境和药理学变量如何 影响吸毒的维持和重新启动以及行为 由药物自我给药时间表生成。 提出了三个系列的实验。第一个系列的目的是 是研究操纵几个环境变量对 药物自我管理。猴子将在不同的试验中接受训练 在注射毒品和非毒品之间选择的选择程序 增强剂，食物。环境变量的影响，如日程安排 将对药物选择频率进行加强和惩罚 下定决心。 第二个系列的目的是检查影响 被消灭的药物自我管理将被恢复的可能性。 猴子将被允许自行给药或生理盐水，并有能力 会前注射药物以恢复对生理盐水的反应 作为旧病复发的模范。环境(例如，时间表)的影响 指强化)和药理(例如，维持行为的药物) 关于注射毒品将恢复 将审查自我管理的回应。 第三个系列的设计是为了寻找某些时间表 药物自我管理会产生过度的行为，而不是 直接与注射毒品有关。这种行为很可能会 被归类为附加行为。有人提出的实验将会 进一步考察它与其他附加词之间的相似之处 通过检查药物可获得性条件产生的行为 行为过激。此外，通过以下方式修改行为 将检查环境和药理学后果。 综上所述，这些实验将扩大我们对 控制药物获取、维持和重新启动的变量 自治。此外，我们还将开始探索其他行为 药物自我给药的伴随因素。结果将具有重要的意义 对于我们对控制变量的理解的影响，以及 因为，人类滥用药物的行为复杂性。

Drug self-administration, like other learned behaviors, is acquired, maintained and can be extinguished and reinitiated. Environmental (e.g., schedule of reinforcement), pharmacological (e.g., drug dose) and organismal variables can influence drug-maintained behaviors. The purpose of the research in the present proposal is to use an animal model of drug abuse to investigate how environmental and pharmacological variables can affect maintenance and reinitiation of drug taking as well as behaviors generated by schedules of drug self-administration. Three series of experiments are proposed. The purpose of the first series is to examine the effect of manipulating several environmental variables on drug self-administration. Monkeys will be trained in a discrete-trials choice procedure to choose between a drug injection and a non-drug reinforcer, food. The effect of environmental variables such as schedule of reinforcement and punishment on the frequency of drug choice will be determined. The purpose of the second series is to examine variables that influence the probability that extinguished drug self-administration will be reinstated. Monkeys will be allowed to self-administer drug or saline and the ability of pre-session drug injections to reinstate responding for saline will serve as a model for relapse. The effect by environmental (e.g., schedule of reinforcement) and pharmacological (e.g., drug that maintains behavior) on the probability that a drug injection will reinstate the self-administration response will be examined. The third series is designed to pursue the finding that certain schedules of drug self-administration can generate excessive behavior that is not directly related to the drug injection. It is likely that the behavior can be classified as an adjunctive behavior. Experiments are proposed that will further examine the similarities between this and other adjunctive behaviors by examining conditions of drug availability that generate excessive behavior. In addition, modification of the behavior by environmental and pharmacological consequences will be examined. Taken together, these experiments will expand our knowledge of the variables that control acquisition, maintenance and reinitiation of drug self-administration. In addition, we will begin to explore other behavioral concomitants of drug self-administration. The results will have important implications for our understanding of the variables that control, as well as the behavioral complexity of, drug abuse in humans.