Developing the Business Structure Database (BSD) as a tool to support sub-national business policy analysis in the UK

英国政府于2010年10月发布的《地方增长白色白皮书》宣布，英格兰提供商业支持的制度框架将发生重大变化。九个区域发展机构将关闭，取而代之的是，将通过地方经济伙伴关系组织商业支助。LEP对数据的需求也使人们更加关注一些与数据有关的限制因素，这些限制因素限制了我们将企业层面的业绩与劳动力市场调整过程联系起来的研究方案的进展。在两个不同的领域--衡量高增长企业的发生率和影响，以及建立创造和破坏就业的账户--国家统计局企业层面和机构层面数据之间缺少联系，因此无法正确回答有关就业变化动态的问题，这对政策制定者和研究人员都很重要。目前，部门间商业登记册由两套独立的部门间商业登记册年度快照组成，分别为公司和机构。每个公司级快照有近200万条记录，每个机构级快照有约500万条记录。这两者之间的区别的重要性在于，公司一级的记录将公司的所有工作定位在公司总部的地址。但是，当然，在一个多机构的公司，许多工作将位于其他地方的一个机构的地址。因此，如果我们希望构建次国家层面的就业账户，我们需要公司和机构层面的信息。要做到这一点，我们需要为公司和机构构建与之相关的数据集，以便我们能够确定工作岗位的位置。这是一个相当大的计算任务。我们已经构建了涵盖1997-2010年的纵向企业级数据集。该项目的初始任务是构建企业的纵向数据集。由于所涉及的记录数量，这只能逐步完成（我们已经调查了在区域一级这样做，这似乎是可行的）。一旦完成，我们就可以将两者联系起来。然而，还有一些额外的和重要的并发症。首先，当我们将这两个公司和机构层面的数据集联系起来时：机构可以并且确实从一家公司转移到另一家公司。第二，一个地区的机构可能是另一个地区的公司的一部分。最后，机构的诞生和终止日期可能需要作出一些调整，以确保它们与其联营公司的诞生和终止日期相符。在完成这一基础设施投资阶段后，我们将拥有一个前所未有的独特资源。用于构建这个新数据集的代码将作为该项目的一个输出提供（当然，原始数据仍将仅由ONS批准的研究人员访问）。将我们自己的工作扩展到国家一级，该项目的主要产出将是创造和破坏就业岗位的账户，以及对39个英国LEP中的每一个以及三个权力下放政府的高增长公司的影响和影响的评估。这两组分析对学术界有着实质性的意义，但对关心推动地方一级经济增长的决策者来说更是如此。这些分析还将展示创建这一新数据集所带来的附加值。

The Local Growth White Paper, published by the UK government in October 2010, announced a major change in the institutional framework for delivering business support in England. The nine regional development agencies were to close and, instead, business support would be organized through Local Economic Partnerships (LEPs). The LEPs need for data also brings into sharper focus some data-related constraints which have restricted progress in our own programme of research linking firm-level performance with labour market adjustment processes. In two different areas - measuring the incidence and impact of high growth firms and in the construction of job creation and destruction accounts - the missing link between the ONS firm-level and establishment-level data has made it impossible to answer properly questions about the dynamics of employment change which are of importance both to policymakers and researchers. Currently, the BSD consists of two independent - firm and establishment - sets of annual snapshots of the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR). Each firm-level snapshot has nearly 2 million records and each establishment-level snapshot has around 5 million records. The significance of the distinction between these two is that the firm-level records locate all of the firm's jobs at the address of the firm's headquarters. But, of course, in a multi-establishment firm many of the jobs will be elsewhere located at an establishment's address. So if we wish to construct sub-national level job accounts we need a mixture of firm and establishment-level information. To do this we need to construct longitudinally-linked datasets for firms and establishments in order to enable us to identify where jobs are located. This is a considerable computational task. We have already constructed the longitudinal firm-level dataset covering the years 1997-2010. The initial task in this project is to construct the longitudinal dataset for establishments. Because of the number of records involved this can only be done incrementally (we have investigated doing this at the regional level and this does seem feasible). Once this is done we can then link the two together. However, there are a number of additional and significant complications. First, when we come to connect these two firm- and establishment-level datasets: establishments can and do move from firm to firm. Second, establishments in one region may be part of a firm which is located in another region. Finally, birth and death dates of establishments may need some adjustment to ensure that they do match those of their associated firms.Having completed this infrastructure investment phase we will have a unique resource which has never previously been available. The code used to construct this new dataset will be made available as one output of this project (of course the raw data will still only be accessible to ONS Approved Researchers). Extending our own work at the national level the main outputs of the project will be job creation and destruction accounts and an assessment of the incidence and impact of high-growth firms for each of the 39 English LEPs as well as three devolved Administrations. These two sets of analyses are of substantive interest to academics but even more to policymakers concerned with driving economic growth at the local level. The analyses will also serve as a demonstration of the value added by the creation of this new dataset.