Triaging Values:

在过去的几十年里，以价值为导向的组织和网络在治理进程中发挥了更大的作用，即在影响物质和符号资源分配的进程中发挥了更大的作用。它们在我们对若干社会和政治问题的反应中发挥调解人的作用，并满足若干不同政策领域的需要。在“价值评估”方面，我将与价值导向型组织的经理们进行访谈，调查他们如何就如何分配资源做出决定，以及如何管理他们对特定事业、特定人员和特定区域单位的承诺。分诊这个术语最初来自急诊医学，它描述了医生根据医疗需求但也基于生存机会决定首先治疗谁的过程。但更上游的流程也需要进行分类，并可能对资源分配产生更大的影响。分类的问题对于价值驱动的组织来说是一个具体的挑战：价值观本身通常不容易确定优先顺序。关于有效性的务实决定通常涉及复杂的知识--关于世界及其内部干预的影响的主张，以及非营利组织成功的标准很难计算。在致力于普世或全球价值观的组织中，分流问题尤其令人感兴趣，因为这些价值观对分流的指导作用更小。人道主义救济非政府组织、人权组织、环境保护机构和基督教教会都致力于普遍或全球抱负的价值观。这些组织如何将资源分配给特定领域、特定受益者群体和特定类型的活动？分配资源、衡量结果以及管理员工和合作伙伴的时间框架是什么？涉及哪些知识索赔？这些索赔是如何解决的？想法的作用是什么？参与这些决策的参与者面临哪些道德困境？他们是如何应对这些困境的？中层管理者是一个需要采访的战略群体，因为他们位于资金流入和流出之间，询问他们自己的日常做法可以提供对更大组织运作的关键洞察。通过这种方式，该项目将生成一张地图，展示价值驱动的组织处理分类难题的可能方式，并生成有关做法如何在不同组织中分配的数据；它将确定想法、管理工具、关于知识的争议和组织限制如何影响拨备。它将为非国家组织如何管理领土和空间提供新的理解。该项目通过比较的视角将社会学各分领域联系起来，将有助于社会学作为一项进步研究方案的发展。它将有助于在跨学科系统的实践比较调查的基础上重塑我们对政治秩序的认识。通过在其他可能做法的背景下揭示组织做法中被视为理所当然的方面，该项目将有助于就政策制定者、管理人员和普通公众的选择进行更知情的辩论。

In the past decades, value-led organizations and networks have assumed a greater role in processes of governance, that is in processes that affect the distribution of material and symbolic resources. They act as mediators in our responses to a number of social and political problems and provide for needs in a number of different policy areas. For "Triaging Values", I will be conducting interviews with managers in value-led organizations to investigate the ways in which they make decisions about how to allocate resources, and how to manage their commitments to specific causes, specific people and specific territorial units. The term triage comes initially from emergency medicine, where it describes the process by which doctors decide whom to treat first, based on medical need but also based on chances of survival. But processes further upstream also entail triage and have a potentially larger impact on the distribution of resources. The problem of triage is a specific challenge for value-driven organizations: The values themselves usually do not lend themselves easily to prioritization. Pragmatic decisions about effectiveness usually involve complex knowledge-claims about the world and the effects of intervention within it, and criteria for success in non-profits defy easy calculation. The problem of triage is especially interesting in organizations committed to universal or global values, because these values guide triage even less.Humanitarian relief NGOs, human rights organizations, environmental conservation agencies and Christian churches are all are committed to values that are universal, or global in ambition. How do these organizations allocate resources to specific areas, and specific groups of beneficiaries and specific types of activities? What are the time-frames of allocating resources, measuring results, and managing staff and partners? What are knowledge-claims involved and how are these resolved? What is the role of ideas? What moral dilemmas arise for actors involved in these decisions and how do they manage these dilemmas? Middle-managers are a strategic group to interview, because they sit in-between incoming and outgoing funds, and asking them about their own day-to-day practices provides key insights into the workings of the larger organization.In this way, the project will generate a map of the possible ways in which value-driven organizations deal with dilemmas of triage and it will generate data about how practices are distributed among different organizations; it will establish how ideas, management tools, controversies about knowledge and organizational constraints affect provision. It will offer new understandings of how territoriality and space is managed by non-state organizations. Bridging sociological subfields through a comparative perspective, the project will contribute to the development of sociology as a progressive research programme. It will contribute to recasting our knowledge of political order based on the interdisciplinary systematic comparative investigation of practices. By uncovering taken-for-granted aspects of organizational practices in the context of other possible practices, the project will contribute to a more informed debate about choices for policy makers, managers and the general public.