'Behaviour change' past, present and future: interdisciplinary responses to behaviour change in policy and research

政府越来越关注如何最有效地改变人们的行为。对于个人、社会和经济健康来说，实施干预措施以对抗在我们的肥胖环境和商业驱动的过度消费文化中已经成为自然的不健康和破坏性行为是很重要的。然而，改变行为有各种不同的方法，包括管制、行为经济学、大众媒体、社会营销、工业管制和社区发展，决策者依靠研究的证据来支持关于实现行为改变的最佳技术的决定。因此，许多学者都参与了研究，以了解是什么驱动了破坏性行为，以及如何最好地影响他们。市场营销、心理学、社会学、城市规划、经济学、地理学和信息技术等领域都有助于规划和实施干预措施，解决英国许多最有问题的行为。行为改变领域最近的发展意味着重点不再是从单一学科的角度探索对行为的影响，而是学科合作解决问题行为-跨学科性。之所以出现这种情况，是因为人们认识到，吸烟或交通等具有复杂、多层次和相互关联影响的行为，不太可能通过从一个角度看待它们来解决。因此，在行为理论探索和改变行为的干预措施方面，建议对行为改变采取跨学科办法（例如上议院科学和技术特别委员会）。NICE还建议使用跨学科干预措施以获得最佳的行为改变结果。然而，尽管建议，但行为改变中的跨学科问题，本系列研讨会旨在帮助克服。首先，跨学科研究对学术研究人员来说往往是具有挑战性的，因为很少有期刊欢迎跨学科论文，而且还因为不同学科往往难以有效地沟通和合作。文化上的差异往往是不同的。该系列研讨会将为不同的学科提供一个平台，通过讨论围绕行为改变问题的重叠和不同的概念思维，聚集在一起探索合作的潜在途径。实现跨学科的研究合作是至关重要的，因为它是寻找创新解决复杂问题的最佳途径之一，因此这些研讨会也将有一个非常实际的重点。受邀的政策制定者或顾问与各类学者进行讨论的目的是为行为问题的创造性跨学科政策解决方案提供想法。另一个问题是政策制定者和学者之间并不总是有效地沟通，这意味着政策制定者可能无法利用最新的研究证据。至关重要的是，政策最好地利用现有的研究，因此，这里提议的系列研讨会也为决策者和学者提供了一个机会，在短期内交流他们的想法，并建立和规划一个长期的论坛，在行为改变领域进行有效的沟通。因此，系列研讨会的总体目标是通过为学术界和决策者之间的创新合作和有效沟通提供基础，提高行为改变做法的有效性，造福于更广泛的社会。通过辩论和讨论，这一系列研讨会将提供机会，超越现有的筒仓和开始建立战略，为跨学科领域的行为改变，也可以服务于政府和研究议程。

Government is increasingly concerned with ways to most effectively change people's behaviour. It is important for individual, social and economic health that interventions are implemented to counter the unhealthy and damaging behaviours that have become natural in our obesogenic environment and commercially-driven culture of over-consumption. However, there are various different approaches to behaviour change, including regulation, behavioural economics, mass media, social marketing, industry regulation and community development.Policy makers rely on evidence from research to underpin decisions on the best techniques to achieve behaviour change. Thus, many academics are involved in research to understand what drives damaging behaviours and how best to influence them. Fields such as marketing, psychology, sociology, urban planning, economics, geography and IT have all contributed to the planning and implementation of interventions tackling many of the UK's most problematic behaviours. There have been recent developments in the field of behaviour change which mean that the emphasis is no long on exploring the influences on behaviour from the perspective of a single discipline, but rather on disciplines working together to tackle problem behaviours - interdisciplinarity. This development has occurred because it has been acknowledged that behaviours which have complex, multi-layered and interrelated influences, like smoking or transport, are unlikely to be solved by looking at them from one angle. Thus an interdisciplinary approach to behaviour change has been recommended (for example by The House of Lords Science and Technology Select Committee), both in terms of theoretical exploration of behaviours and interventions to change them. NICE also recommends that interdisciplinary interventions are used for the best behaviour change results.However, although recommended, there are problems with interdisciplinarity in behaviour change, which this seminar series aims to help overcome. Firstly, interdisciplinary research is often challenging for academic researchers because few journals welcome interdisciplinary papers, but also because different disciplines often struggle to communicate and work effectively together. Disciplines can often be culturally different. This seminar series will provide a platform for different academic disciplines to come together and explore potential routes towards collaboration by discussing overlapping and divergent conceptual thinking around behaviour change issues. Achieving interdisciplinary research collaboration is vital because it is one of the best way of finding innovative solutions to complex problems, and as such these seminars will also have a very practical focus. The aim of discussions between the invited policy makers or advisors and a varied mix of academics will be to generate ideas for creative interdisciplinary policy solutions to behavioural problems.Another problem is that policy makers and academics do not always communicate effectively with each other, meaning that policy makers may not be able to make use of the latest evidence from research. It is vital that policy makes best use of available research, so the seminar series proposed here also provides an opportunity for policy makers and academics to communicate their ideas in the short term and also to establish and plan a longer term forum for effective communication across the behaviour change field. The overarching aim of the seminar series is therefore to improve the effectiveness of behaviour change practice for the benefit of wider society by providing a foundation for innovative collaboration and effective communication between academics and policy makers. Through debate and discussion, this seminar series will provide opportunity to move beyond existing silos and begin to establish strategies for a transdisciplinary field of behaviour change which can also serve government and research agendas.