Urgent Invite - AFTER WOOLWICH: SOCIAL REACTIONS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

这项研究将使用社交媒体(SM)数据分析社会对鼓手李·里格比于2013年5月22日在伍尔维奇被谋杀一事的反应。这类数据独特地能够在关键事件发生时实时跟踪公众感知和情绪的演变。这项工作将对集体应对备受瞩目的暴力犯罪的社会动态产生新的见解，同时还将开发方法创新，为对SM进行严格的社会科学分析开发文本挖掘方法。该项目采用案例研究设计，运用定性、定量和地理空间数据分析技术，将阐明重大犯罪后发生的信号事件、冲突升级和降级、影响和复原力动态。具体地说，这项研究将：1.对公众如何解读和反应备受瞩目的犯罪事件的动态进行探索性研究，以及此类观点如何随着时间的推移而演变和转变。这反映了SM数据如何提供机会提出新的和不同的问题，而不是以前更成熟的社会科学方法论所可能提出的问题2。开发新的和原型的方法，供社会科学家在未来分析SM。这将涉及几个基于社会科学的分析框架的改进，以及将这些操作和可视化的新型软件‘应用’。反思从案例研究分析中获得的经验教训，以便在社会科学如何应对“大数据”挑战方面为未来的战略和议程提供信息。里格比谋杀案的经验数据是收集的，这是对Sentinel(使用极端主义词典对叙事进行情感挖掘)工具的初步测试的一部分。Sentinel是一个研究原型文本挖掘应用程序，由一个由社会和计算机科学家组成的跨学科团队设计，是欧盟委员会资助的一个项目的一部分。当伍尔维奇谋杀案发生时，该团队推出了监控SM来源的工具，并继续收集此类材料(到目前为止，已收集了1000多万条推文和近59000条其他用户生成的评论)。然而，对这些公开数据的分析并不是最初项目的重点或资金的一部分。因此，为加强和及时利用收集到的数据，已经准备了这项对ESRC紧急优先计划的申请。紧迫性涉及：-通过关注和解包嵌入在用户生成的评论(例如推文)中的超链接来改进收集的数据的时间有限的机会，提供关于公众反应的更丰富、更微妙的图景。这种数据采集需要在太多的联系被打破之前完成。-资助将使对案件的监测一直到刑事司法程序的结束。从事件到审判后，详细和持续地跟踪民意的演变，是以前没有完成的事情。-需要重大的政策影响。快速研究将提供证据基础，为应对未来任何事件和社区紧张局势提供信息。Acpo暂时同意按类型提供英格兰和威尔士近期所有仇恨犯罪事件的量化时间戳数据集，从而能够以连续的时间序列将公众舆论与已知事件进行比较。所采用的方法涉及一些关于公众对犯罪的反应的创新紧急想法，将这些想法应用到SM数据中，并实施新的方法。这将包括：信号犯罪视角(Innes，2004；即将推出)；Collins(2012)的冲突时间-动态模型；以及Sluka(1990)关于“软支持”社区舆论形成的作用，影响为暴力极端分子创造活动“空间”的工作。关键是，当利用新的信息学技术和方法时，及时和开放的SM数据使社会科学能够提出和回答新的问题。

The research will analyse social reactions to the murder of Drummer Lee Rigby in Woolwich on 22/05/13 using social media (SM) data. Such data uniquely enable the tracking of the evolution of public perceptions and sentiments in real-time as key events occur. The work will produce new insights into the social dynamics of collective responses to high profile violent crimes, alongside methodological innovations developing text-mining methods for rigorous social scientific analyses of SM. Using a case study design applying qualitative, quantitative and geo-spatial data analysis techniques, the project will illuminate the signal event, conflict escalation and de-escalation, influence and resilience dynamics that arise in the aftermath of a major crime. Specifically, the research will:1. Conduct exploratory research into the dynamics of how publics interpret and react to high profile crime events, and how such views evolve and shift over time. This reflects how SM data afford opportunities to ask new and different questions than were previously possible with more established social science methodologies.2. Develop new and prototype methods for social scientists to analyse SM in the future. This will involve the refinement of several social science based analytic frameworks and novel software 'apps' to operationalise and visualise these.3. Reflect upon the learning derived from the case study analysis to inform future strategies and agendas in terms of how social science responds to the challenges of 'big data'. The empirical data on the Rigby murder were collected as part of an initial test of the 'Sentinel' (Sentiment mining of Narratives using an Extremist Lexicon) tool - a research prototype text-mining application designed by an inter-disciplinary team of social and computer scientists as part of a European Commission funded project. When the Woolwich murder occurred, the team launched the tool to monitor SM sources and have continued to collect such material (over 10 million tweets and nearly 59000 other user-generated comments collected so far). However, analyses of these publicly available data were not part of the initial project's focus or funding. Accordingly, this application to the ESRC Urgent Priorities scheme has been prepared to enhance and make timely use of the data collected. The urgency relates to: - Time-limited opportunities to improve the data collected by following and unpacking hyperlinks embedded in user-generated comments (e.g. tweets), providing a 'richer', more nuanced picture of public reaction. This data capture needs completing before too many links are broken.- Funding would enable monitoring of the case through to the conclusion of the criminal justice process. Tracking the evolution of public opinion in detail and on an ongoing basis, from incident to post-trial, is not something accomplished before.- A significant policy impact need. Rapid research would provide an evidence-base to inform responses to any future incidents and community tensions. ACPO has provisionally agreed to provide a quantitative time stamped dataset of all hate crime incidents in England and Wales by type, for the recent period - enabling comparison of public opinion with known events in a continuous chronological series.The approach adopted involves some innovative emergent ideas about public reactions to crime, applying these to SM data and operationalising new methodologies. This will include: the Signal Crimes Perspective (Innes, 2004; forthcoming); Collins' (2012) model of the time-dynamics of conflict; and Sluka's (1990) work on the role of 'soft support' community opinion formation influencing the creation of operating 'spaces' for violent extremists. The key point being that timely and open-ended SM data, when harnessed by new informatics technologies and methodologies, enables social science to pose and answer new questions.