The Common Good: Ethics and Rights in Cyber Security [ERCS]

如果说最近美国政府监控和涉案科技公司的争议表明了什么，那就是致力于共同利益的数字治理中需要适当、公正和有效的网络安全。“共同利益：网络安全中的伦理和权利”(ERCS)项目旨在了解数字治理中安全和伦理之间的平衡。为了实现这一目标，该项目利用了公共利益的概念，并评估它是否会在数字治理下和面对网络安全时蓬勃发展。共同利益的概念是对以下主张的挑战，即所有的商品都是私人的或单独的商品，所有的集体商品都可以简化为私人商品的集合。因此，共同利益办法的一个核心原则是，它不仅是各部分的总和，而且为共同利益作出贡献的同时也是发展和加强个人能力和商品，而不是减损或削弱它们。考虑到这一原则，致力于发展共同利益通常需要促进人的尊严、和平、社会发展、参与和团结。网络安全的发展对共同利益的命运既提供了机遇，也带来了威胁。积极的一面是，网络空间为国家提供了非暴力形式的权力，通过这种形式追求安全和维护和平。信息攻击就是这样一种能力。同样，信息行动和网络监控使国家能够以更有效的方式支持安全政策。可以收集更多信息来支持决策或用于提高军事行动的效率。无人机袭击是后者的一个突出例子。然而，这些同样的能力提出了具有挑战性的伦理问题，并可能破坏个人权利和共同利益的前景。例如，信息攻击虽然是非暴力的，但其有效性依赖于对关键社会经济基础设施的破坏。这种破坏可能会对发展前景产生负面影响。网络间谍和监控有可能破坏隐私，损害数字治理的合法性。这样，团体内部和团体之间的团结可能会受到负面影响。国家和企业利用私人持有的数据的伦理影响，已促使新的社会政治运动和非政府组织挑战这些发展。该项目反映了对监视的抵制，以及要求网络安全透明和隐私的个人和团体的意识形态和价值观。该研究项目采用多学科方法，汇集了社会科学、安全研究、情报研究、文化研究、政治哲学以及公共政策和制度伦理等领域的专家。有了这样一系列学科，该项目非常适合提供对主题的平衡分析，确保治理、安全、权利和道德都得到考虑。这种广泛的方法将理论和实践结合在一起，确保了对用户有充分信息和有价值的研究成果。这就确保了项目具有明确和直接的影响价值。研究将通过查阅文献、分析政府文件、与利益攸关方面谈以及研讨会和会议来进行。后者将寻求弥合学术界和实践者之间的差距。学术界将通过论文和会议参与进来。用户将受益于利益攸关方机构的研究人员举办的讲习班和讲座。该项目对网络安全和权利在全球不确定环境中为社区的共同利益在哪里相遇提供了必要的平衡评估。

If the recent controversies of U.S governmental surveillance and implicated technology companies demonstrated anything, it is the need for proportionate, just and effective cyber security in digital governance that is committed to the common good. 'The Common Good: Ethics and Rights in Cyber Security' (ERCS) project seeks to understand where the balance lies between security and ethics in digital governance. In order to achieve this, the project utilises the concept of the common good, and assesses whether or not it will prosper under digital governance and in the face of cyber security. The conception of the common good is a challenge to the claim that all goods are private or individual goods, and that all collective goods are reducible to an aggregate of private goods. A central them of a common good approach is, therefore, that it is more than the sum of its parts and that to contribute to the common good is at the same time to develop and enhance individual capacities and goods, rather than to detract from or weaken them. With that principle in mind, commitment to developing a common good would typically requires promotion of human dignity, peace, social development, participation and solidarity.Developments in cyber security present both opportunities and threats to the fate of the common good. On the positive side, cyberspace presents the state with non-violent forms of power through which to pursue security and maintain peace. Information attack is one such capability. Similarly, information operations and cyber surveillance enable the state to support security policy in a more efficient manner. More information can be gathered to support policy-making or used to enhance the efficiency of military operations. Drone strikes are a prominent example of the latter. However, these same capabilities raise challenging ethical questions and potentially undermine individual rights and the prospects for the common good. Information attack, for example, whilst non-violent, relies for its effectiveness on the disruption of key socio-economic infrastructure. Such disruption may negatively impact prospects for development. Cyber espionage and surveillance have the potential to undermine privacy and damage legitimacy in digital governance. In this way, solidarity within and between groups may be negatively affected. The ethical implications of the exploitation of privately held data by states and corporations have prompted new socio-political movements and non-governmental organisations to challenge these developments. The project maps this resistance to surveillance, and the ideology and values of individuals and groups demanding transparency and privacy in cyber security.This research project takes a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together experts in the fields of social science, security studies, intelligence studies, cultural studies, political philosophy, and public policy and institutional ethics. With such a range of disciplines represented, the project is ideally placed to provide a balanced analysis of the subject, ensuring that governance, security, and rights and ethics are all taken account of. Such a wide-ranging approach, which brings together theory and practice, ensures research outputs that are well informed and valuable to the user. In turn, this ensures that the project has clear and direct impact value.The research will be conducted through the review of literature; analysis of government documents; interviews with stakeholders; and workshops and conferences. The latter will seek to bridge the gap between academics and practitioners. The academic community will be engaged through papers and conferences. Users will benefit from involvement in workshops and lectures given by the researchers at stakeholder institutions. This project provides a necessary balanced assessment of where cyber security and rights meet for the common good of communities in an environment of global uncertainties.