DETERMINANTS OF INFANT FEEDING PATTERNS

该项目将调查社会经济、人口统计和 社区，对印度尼西亚婴儿喂养模式和趋势的影响。 几乎所有的印度尼西亚婴儿都是母乳喂养的，他们是 世界上最晚断奶的。在过去的三十年里，这一趋势 在印度尼西亚，母乳喂养的持续时间更长。 然而，印尼的母亲们倾向于在食物中加入其他液体或食物 婴儿的饮食在孩子生命的早期相对较早， 未补充母乳喂养的潜在挽救生命的好处( 将婴儿从引起疾病的细菌病原体中分离出来 消化道)。 指导这项研究的概念模型将婴儿的喂养模式视为 父母根据他们对孩子的认知做出决定的结果 未补充和补充母乳喂养的成本和收益 与其他喂养方式相比。这些决定受到资源的限制， 制度、文化规范和潜在的生理机制。 这一框架产生了一些关于影响经济增长的假设 未补充和补充母乳喂养的发生率和持续时间； 它将使用新的回溯数据进行测试，来自印度尼西亚 家庭生活调查(IFLS)，对大量母亲和每个 他们的孩子。 将使用久期系统和有限因变量模型来 调查决定开始母乳喂养的决定因素 全母乳喂养的持续时间和补充的时间。这个 分析将允许对婴儿喂养决定的影响有所不同 婴儿期的历程和会认出的顺序和关联 同一家庭中不同孩子的决定的性质。解释性的 变量包括水和卫生设施、医疗保险、婴儿的价格 食物和避孕药具；妇女的时间价值；家庭资源；以及 关于健康和避孕效果的现有信息 母乳喂养。 对印度尼西亚母乳喂养开始和持续时间的影响 将与马来西亚相比，马来西亚是世界上最短的国家之一 发展中国家母乳喂养的持续时间。《马来西亚人》 分析将使用马来西亚第一和第二家庭生活的数据 调查(MFLS-1和MFLS-2)。MFLS数据也将用于评估 MFLS-2对婴儿喂养的长期回忆质量比较 MFLS-1报告(1988年)有关1976年及以前出生人数的报告(在 1976年)关于那些相同的出生。

This project will investigate the socioeconomic, demographic, and community, influences on infant feeding patterns and trends in Indonesia. Virtually all Indonesian infants are breastfed, and they are among the latest in the world to be weaned. Over the last three decades, the trend in Indonesia has been toward even longer durations of breastfeeding. However, Indonesian mothers tend to include other liquids or food in the infant's diet relatively early in the child's life, foregoing the potentially life-saving benefits of unsupplemented breastfeeding (which isolates infants from the bacterial pathogens that cause diseases of the digestive tract). The conceptual model guiding the research views infant feeding patterns as the result of decisions parents make based on their perceptions of the costs and benefits of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding vis-a- vis other modes of feeding. These decisions are constrained by resources, institutions, cultural norms, and underlying physiological mechanisms. This framework yields as a number of hypotheses about influences on the incidence and duration of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding, which will be tested using new retrospective data, from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), on a large number of mothers and on each of their children. Systems of duration and limited-dependent-variable models will be used to investigate determinants of the decision to initiate breastfeeding, the duration of total breastfeeding, and the timing of supplementation. The analyses will allow the influences on infant feeding decisions to vary over the course of infancy and will recognize the sequential and correlated nature of decisions for different children in the same family. Explanatory variables include prices of water and sanitation, medical are, infant foods, and contraceptives; women's value of time; household resources; and the information available about the health and contraceptive effects of breastfeeding. Influences on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in Indonesia will be compared with those in Malaysia, which has one of the shortest durations of breastfeeding among developing countries. The Malaysian analysis will use data from the First and Second Malaysian Family Life Surveys (MFLS-1 and MFLS-2). The MFLS data will also be used to evaluate the quality of long-term recall about infant feeding, by comparing MFLS-2 reports (in 1988) about births in 1976 and earlier to MFLS-1 reports (in 1976) about those same births.