IRENE: Improving the robustness of urban electricity networks

大多数重要的城市基础设施，如供水、基础设施监测（如隧道）和应急通信服务都依赖电力。对于智慧城市来说，这种依赖只会越来越大。这意味着停电的社会和经济后果，特别是更长时间的停电，可能是严重的。未来的智慧城市场景将由高度分散的能源系统提供动力，其中能源需求部分由风能，太阳能和热电联产等分散的可再生能源提供。为了最大限度地利用城市环境中的可再生能源并优化成本，大量建筑物将配备发电甚至储能能力。这种方法与现有的基于高度集中的能源供应的能源系统截然不同。分散式能源系统将依赖于大规模复杂的ICT系统来控制能源需求和供应;该系统被称为智能电网。其结果是，一方面，系统很容易受到越来越多的ICT和电网组件的故障的影响，特别是来自ICT组件的恶意攻击。另一方面，该系统更加灵活，因为可以控制需求和生产，并且分散式生产能够减轻单点故障方面。IRENE专注于利用未来能源发电的分散性，使其更容易受到攻击，并最大限度地减少停电对相关关键基础设施的影响，如供水和供气，通信系统，公共交通和道路交通控制。目的是了解在实施这些新技术时应考虑哪些社会和技术措施，以造福所有利益攸关方。IRENE的主要成果被整合到合作框架中，该框架允许不同故障/攻击的城市与其利益相关者合作，以减轻能源系统的安全风险，了解最低运营电力要求和系统依赖性，创建分散的能源库存，并支持在需要时以公平和公正的方式为所有城市利益相关者共享电力。

Most critical urban infrastructures like water supply, infrastructure monitoring (e.g. tunnels) and emergency communication services depend on electricity. For smart cities, this dependency will only grow. This means that societal and economic consequences of power outages, especially for longer outages, can be severe. The future smart city scenario will be powered by a highly decentralized energy system where energy demand is partially supplied by decentralized renewable energy resources from wind, sun, and cogeneration. To maximally utilize the renewable energy in the urban environment and optimize costs, a significant amount of buildings will be equipped with generation and even energy storage capabilities. This approach radically differs from existing energy systems which are based on highly centralized energy provisioning. The decentralized energy system will depend on a large scale complex ICT system to control energy demand and supply; jointly, this system is known as the smart grid. The result is on one side a system which is vulnerable to faults in the increasing amount of ICT and grid components, especially from malicious attacks on ICT components. On the other side, the system is more flexible as demand and production can be controlled and decentralized production enables to mitigate single-point-of-failure aspects. IRENE focuses on utilizing the decentralized nature of future energy generation to make them more robust to attacks, and on minimizing impact of power outages on associated critical infrastructures such as water and gas supply, communication systems, public transport, and road traffic control. The aim is to understand what social and technical measure should be considered when implementing these new technologies for the benefit of all stakeholders. The main outcome of IRENE is integrated into the collaboration framework that allows cities for different faults/attacks to collaborate with their stakeholders to mitigate security risks in energy systems, understand minimum operational power requirements and system dependencies, create decentralised energy inventory and support the sharing of power at times if need in an equitable and fair way for all city stakeholders.