Healthy, Secure and Gender Just Cities: Transnational Perspectives on Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) in Rio de Janeiro and London

在巴西，估计每天有15名妇女被男子杀害。在过去的三十年里，至少有92，000名妇女被杀害，其中许多人是在其伴侣的手中，这一数字在1980年至2010年期间增加了230%。里约热内卢的情况同样令人震惊，每天有17名妇女成为基于性别的谋杀和性暴力的受害者。该项目提供了一个机会，为了解暴力侵害妇女和女童行为作出重要贡献，这是世界上主要的公共卫生和发展问题之一，目的是减少暴力，使里约和伦敦的城市最终更加健康，并在全球北方和全球南方之间建立相互学习的伙伴关系。与此同时，在伦敦的巴西侨民中也发生了类似的暴力事件。它开发了一个创新的跨学科框架，建立在研究团队的优势，以弥合地理和学科边界。它将社会科学的分析方法与人文学科的知识生产传统以及戏剧探索作者和观众之间新关系的能力相结合。该研究以两个城市为经验基础：1）里约热内卢最大的贫民窟Complexo da Maré，那里的居民大多数是穷人，对妇女和女童的暴力行为在日常生活中普遍存在; 2）在伦敦的巴西侨民社区中，这是该市增长最快的移民群体之一，也是更广泛的拉丁美洲人口的最大组成部分。由于没有对领土或散居社区中对妇女和女童的暴力性质进行系统分析，该项目探讨了对妇女和女童的暴力的性质、原因和后果以及当地和跨界的健康结果。具体而言，它使用了一系列主要是定性的方法，如参与性评估、证词访谈、服务提供情况调查、戏剧制作和电影，作为工具来探讨在拉丁美洲最暴力的城市之一妇女的情况，并研究这种暴力如何影响里约热内卢和伦敦之间的联系和跨界流动。研究小组与社区的密切联系，特别是通过其合作伙伴-在里约，Redes da Maré-促进了这一点（社区组织）;在伦敦，拉丁美洲妇女权利服务社和人民宫项目（一个以艺术为基础的研究中心，工作在伦敦和巴西，总部设在QMUL）。理论上，该项目旨在对暴力侵害妇女和女童行为形成新的理解，超越传统的流行病学方法，探索参与性评估和特别是戏剧如何能够揭示以前被隐藏的过程。作为这一方法的一部分，该项目旨在建立一种联系（“多尺度-对妇女和女童的暴力-健康-联系”），这将有助于解释为什么会发生对妇女和女童的暴力，特别是这种暴力是如何跨境发生的，现有的支助来源，以及对妇女和女童的暴力如何促使妇女从巴西迁往联合王国，以及这如何影响健康不平等。它积极考虑从现有的社区干预措施，特别是围绕戏剧和表演的干预措施中学习的潜力，并制定新的干预措施，以减少对妇女和女童的暴力行为，减少与之相关的城市公共卫生风险，它还建议制定有效的工具，以增加妇女和女童对其在遭受暴力方面的权利的了解。因此，它将在跨国范围内提高对暴力侵害妇女和女童行为的认识，以此作为加强和建设能力、比较经验、促进替代叙述和对两国政策辩论产生影响的一种手段。

In Brazil an estimated 15 women are killed by men every day. Within the past three decades, at least 92,000 women have been killed, many at the hands of their partners representing a rise of 230% between 1980 and 2010. The situation in Rio de Janeiro is no less alarming where 17 women a day are victims of gender-based murder and sexual violence. This project provides an opportunity to make an important contribution to understanding Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG), which is one of the world's major public health and development concerns, with a view towards reducing it in order to make the cities of Rio and London ultimately healthier as well as to develop a mutual learning partnership between the Global North and Global South.The research explores the nature of VAWG in Rio de Janeiro with a simultaneous examination of such violence among London's Brazilian diaspora. It develops an innovative inter-disciplinary framework that builds on the strengths of the research team to bridge geographical and disciplinary borders. It combines the analytical approach of the social sciences with the traditions of knowledge production in the humanities, and the ability of theatre to explore new relationships between authors and audiences. It recognises growing linkages between cities of the Global South and North, connected through globalisation and international migration, as well as the need to learn from cities of the South.The research is rooted empirically in two urban locations 1) in the largest favela in Rio de Janeiro, Complexo da Maré, where residents are predominantly poor and where everyday VAWG is endemic; and 2) among the diasporic community of Brazilians in London, which is one of the fastest growing migrant groups in the city and the largest component of the wider Latin American population. With no existing systematic analysis of the nature of VAWG in either the territorial or diasporic community, the project explores the nature, causes and consequences of VAWG and the health outcomes locally and across borders. Specifically, it uses a range of mainly qualitative methodologies such as participatory appraisals, testimonial interviews, mapping of service provision, theatre production and film as tools to explore what happens to women in one of Latin America's most violent cities and examine how this violence affect linkages and movement across borders between Rio de Janeiro and London. This is facilitated through the close links the research teams have with the communities, especially through their collaborating partners - in Rio, Redes da Maré (a community organisation); in London, the Latin American Women's Rights Service (LAWRS), and the People's Palace Project (an arts-based research centre working on London and Brazil, based at QMUL).Theoretically, the project aims to develop new understandings of VAWG that move beyond the traditional epidemiological approach to explore how participatory appraisal and theatre in particular can uncover processes that have previously been hidden. As part of this approach, the project aims to develop a nexus ('multi-scalar-VAWG-health-nexus') that will assist in explaining why VAWG occurs and especially how this occurs across borders, the sources of support available, and how VAWG motivates women's movement to the UK from Brazil as well as how this affects health inequalities. It actively considers the potential for learning from existing community interventions and especially those revolving around theatre and performance, and in creating new interventions to reduce VAWG and reduce the urban public health risks associated with it. It also proposes to devise effective tools to increase women and girls' knowledge about their rights in relation to the experience of violence. Thus, it will raise awareness of VAWG transnationally as a means to strengthen and build capacity, compare experiences, promote alternative narratives and impact on policy debates in both countries.