Parental Nonstandard Work Schedules in the UK: Implications for Children's and Parents' Health

在24/7经济中，晚上、夜间和周末工作（以下简称非标准工作）很常见，但这是否为工作与家庭生活的结合创造了新的机会或新的压力？在英国，近25%的职业母亲和35%的职业父亲有非标准的时间表。越来越多的研究指出，这些时间表对儿童和父母的健康产生不利影响。考虑到2015-16年英国与工作有关的压力，抑郁和焦虑导致了1170万个工作日的损失，我们需要收集更多关于父母非标准工作时间表对父母健康，家庭生活和儿童健康的影响的证据。这项开创性的研究是英国第一个做出这些重大贡献的研究：- 对从事非标准工作的母亲和父亲的社会和人口概况的研究-提供新的证据，说明父母非标准工作时间表对儿童健康和发展、家庭生活以及父母心理和整体健康的直接和纵向影响-对家庭特征的调查，可以解释非标准工作与儿童和父母健康之间的联系，从而确定潜在的政策杠杆绝大多数关于非标准轮班的奖学金是在美国背景下完成的，可以说，美国是工业化国家中家庭和儿童保育政策最有限的国家。这项拟议的研究计划将填补空白，重点放在英国的情况下，调查父母的非标准就业对儿童和父母的健康的影响。该项目将描述从事非标准工作时间的母亲和父亲的特点，并研究儿童健康和发展的不同指标，以及父母健康和家庭生活的一系列指标。在家庭环境中的因素将被视为调查的渠道，通过非标准的工作时间表影响儿童和父母。此外，统计技术和数据来源将确定非标准工作时间表是否实际上导致这种时间表工作的父母和朝九晚五工作的父母之间的健康差异。这种类型的研究将通过使用英国丰富的纵向数据而成为可能：千年队列研究。这是一个理想的数据集，因为它包含了家庭环境，养育和经济资源的详细信息。申请者将向广泛的受益者传播调查结果。通过在高影响力期刊和国际会议上发表同行评审的出版物传播研究将是关键。将寻求通过研讨会传播工作的机会。除了学术界人士外，这项研究还将使雇主、家庭和就业政策制定者、父母、教师、社会工作者、儿童保育提供者和其他寻求为关于父母就业对儿童和父母健康的影响的持续政策辩论作出贡献的人受益。该研究将通过一些机制产生影响：与政策制定者，慈善机构和智库合作，如国家儿童局，DWP，PHE，工作家庭，妇女商业理事会和商业，能源和工业战略委员会;通过在线平台传播研究结果，促进与影响有关的活动，如Working Families的WorkFlex博客，Mumsnet，ToUChstone博客通过播客和音频幻灯片放映向提高对政策问题认识的论坛提供证据，如《柳叶刀》英国政策事务、国家儿童和孕产妇健康情报网以及Workingmums和工作基金会博客等平台;通过向议会科学技术办公室、议会特别顾问和研究助理提交材料，与活动人士、政策专家和游说者分享调查结果。

Evening, night, and weekend work (hereafter referred to as nonstandard work) are common in the 24/7 economy, but does this create new opportunities or new pressures for combining work with family life? In the UK, nearly 25% of employed mothers and 35% of employed fathers have nonstandard schedules. A growing body of research has pointed to the adverse impact of these schedules on child and parental health. Given that work-related stress, depression and anxiety accounted for 11.7 million working days lost in the UK in 2015-16, we need to gather more evidence on the implications of parents' nonstandard work schedules on parents' health, family life, and children's health. This ground-breaking research is the first in the UK to make these significant contributions:-An examination of the social and demographic profiles of mothers and fathers working nonstandard schedules-Provide new evidence on the immediate and longitudinal consequences of parental nonstandard work schedules on children's health and development, family life, and parental mental and overall health-An investigation of family characteristics that may explain the links between nonstandard work and children's and parents' health, thereby identifying potential policy leversThe vast majority of scholarship on nonstandard shifts has been done in the US context, arguably a country with the most limited family and childcare policies of any industrialized country. This proposed research program will fill the gaps by focusing on the UK context to investigate the implications of parental nonstandard employment on children's and parents' health. The project will profile the characteristics of mothers and fathers who work nonstandard work schedules, and examine different markers of health and development for children, and a range of markers of health and family life for parents. Factors in the family environment will be considered to investigate the channels through which nonstandard work schedules influence children and parents. Furthermore, the statistical techniques and data source will ascertain whether nonstandard work schedules actually cause differences in health between parents who work such schedules and parents who work 9-5 schedules. This type of research will be made possible by using rich, longitudinal data in the UK: the Millennium Cohort Study. This is an ideal dataset because it contains detailed information on family circumstances, parenting, and economic resources. The applicant will disseminate findings to a wide range of beneficiaries. Dissemination of the research via peer-reviewed publications in high impact journals and international conferences will be key. Opportunities to disseminate work through seminars will be pursued. In addition to an academic audience, the research will benefit employers, family and employment policy makers, parents, teachers, social workers, child care providers and others who seek to contribute to the continuing policy debate on the effects of parental employment on children's and parents' health. The research will have impact via a number of mechanisms: Collaborating with policy makers, charities, and think tanks, such as National Children's Bureau, DWP, PHE, Working Families, Women's Business Council, and The Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee; Disseminate research findings and promote impact related activities through online platforms, such as WorkFlex blog at Working Families, Mumsnet, ToUChstone blog (operated by TUC), and The Conversation; Deliver evidence through podcasts and audio slide shows to forums that increase awareness of policy issues, such as The Lancet UK Policy Matters, the National Child and Maternal Health Intelligence Network, and platforms, such as Workingmums and The Work Foundation blog; share findings with campaigners, policy experts, and lobbyists through submissions to Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Parliamentary special advisors and research assistants.