Improving international policy responses to honour-based violence and abuse (HBVA)

这项奖学金建立在我的博士论文《英格兰和威尔士基于荣誉的虐待：谁对谁做了什么？》，该研究首次系统地调查了数百起英国基于荣誉的暴力和虐待案件（HBVA） （Bates, 2017）。在英国，国家警察局长委员会将HBVA定义为：“涉及暴力、暴力威胁、恐吓、胁迫或虐待（包括心理、身体、性、经济或情感虐待）的犯罪或事件，这些犯罪或事件已经或可能已经承诺保护或捍卫个人、家庭和/或社区的荣誉，因为据称或被认为违反了家庭和/或社区的行为准则”（全国政协，2015年）。它经常发生在家庭控制女性的性行为或自主权的背景下（Sen, 2005）。我的博士研究解决了英国对HBVA的理解差距。以前的文献已经发现，缺乏比较多个HBVA病例发生情况的数据。下议院，2008年)，公众对这种虐待的理解倾向于强迫婚姻和最“耸人听闻”的荣誉谋杀案件（布兰登和哈菲兹，2008年；吉尔和米特拉-卡恩，2010年），这是一种被低估的虐待（HMIC， 2015年）。通过从警察和受害者支持服务部门收集的真实案例，我的博士对受害者和施暴者进行了侧写，并建立了一个暴力类型，表明受害者和施暴者之间的关系会影响虐待行为的性质。作为研究员，我将发展这些发现，并将它们传达给更广泛的受众——包括英国和国际上的政策制定者和从业者——以便它们可以更好地用于识别和支持基于荣誉的暴力和虐待的受害者。我会用三种方法来做。首先，我将把我的发现传达给学术和研究受众，方法是将我的博士数据的具体方面的分析写进期刊文章中发表（一篇分析受害者；一篇研究HBVA案件的刑事司法反应是什么——应该是什么），并在国际会议上发表。其次，我将向非学术受众传播我的发现，包括通过政策布里斯托尔网站上的博客向公众传播我的发现，为政策制定者举办专家研讨会，为暴力/虐待支持服务的从业者举办研讨会，并通过英国网络“基于荣誉的虐待研究矩阵”参与活动。第三，我将通过开展一项比较英国、丹麦、挪威、芬兰和瑞典政府对HBVA的政策反应的简短研究来发展博士学位之外的研究结果，并准备进一步研究（在获得奖学金后），重点是如何改善刑事司法反应和对受害者的支持服务。总之，这些活动将使我的博士研究结果更广泛地得到应用，并在很大程度上改善英国HBVA的学术、实践和公共知识状况。重点关注政府政策制定者和受害者支持服务和刑事司法机构的从业人员如何解释和根据我的研究结果采取行动，这是该奖学金的一个关键目标。

This fellowship builds on my PhD, Honour-based abuse in England and Wales: Who does what to whom?, which for the first time systematically examined hundreds of UK cases of honour-based violence and abuse (HBVA) (Bates, 2017). In the UK, HBVA is defined by the National Police Chiefs' Council as: "a crime or incident involving violence, threats of violence, intimidation, coercion or abuse (including psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional abuse) which has, or may have been, committed to protect or defend the honour of an individual, family and/or community for alleged or perceived breaches of the family and/or community code of behaviour" (NPCC, 2015). It often occurs in the context of families controlling women's sexuality or autonomy (Sen, 2005). My PhD research addressed a gap in understanding of HBVA in the UK. Previous literature had identified that there was a lack of data comparing what happened in multiple HBVA cases (Parliament. House of Commons, 2008), that the public understanding of this abuse was skewed towards forced marriage and the most 'sensational' cases of honour killings (Brandon and Hafez, 2008; Gill and Mitra-Kahn, 2010), and that it was an under-reported abuse (HMIC, 2015). Looking at real-life cases gathered from police and victim support services, my PhD profiled the victims and perpetrators, and built a typology of violence which showed the relationship between victim and perpetrator to affect the nature of the abusive behaviour. As Fellow, I will develop these findings and communicate them to a wider audience - including policy-makers and practitioners in the UK and internationally - so that they can be applied to better identify and support victims of honour-based violence and abuse. I will do this in three ways. Firstly, I will communicate my findings to academic and research audiences, by writing up analysis of specific aspects of my PhD data into journal articles for publication (one profiling victims; and one examining what the criminal justice response to cases of HBVA is - and should be), and presenting at international conferences. Secondly, I will disseminate my findings for a non-academic audience, including for the general public via a blog on the Policy Bristol website, hosting an experts' seminar for policy-makers, running workshops on my findings for practitioners in violence/abuse support services, and participating in events via the UK-based network Honour-Based Abuse Research Matrix. Thirdly, I will develop the findings beyond my PhD by carrying out a short piece of research comparing the government policy responses to HBVA in the UK, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden, and preparing a bid for further research (after this fellowship) focusing on how to improve the criminal justice response and support services for victims.Together, these activities will make the findings from my PhD more widely available, and materially improve the academic, practical and public state of knowledge about HBVA in the UK. A focus on how government policy-makers and practitioners in victim support services and criminal justice agencies can interpret and act upon my findings is a key aim of the fellowship.