Redressing Gendered Health Inequalities of Displaced Women and Girls in contexts of Protracted Crisis in Central and South America (ReGHID)

中美洲和南美洲的妇女和少女因不得已而离开自己的国家（往往是由于性暴力等性别威胁），在移徙过程中和在她们到达的定居地，她们的健康和福祉面临一系列针对性别的威胁。性健康和生殖健康是社会发展和福祉的一个关键组成部分，在流离失所的情况下尤其面临风险（强奸和性攻击、性疾病、缺乏避孕药具或卫生用品是这一地区和其他地区被迫流离失所过程的特点）流离失所妇女和女孩获得和行使其性健康和生殖健康权利的能力面临着一些障碍。这些问题在当地的直接情况下可以是，流离失所妇女和女孩缺乏权利意识或缺乏与保健系统谈判的实际知识和技能，当地保健服务机构缺乏满足流离失所妇女需求的能力，这些直接问题表明国家和区域保健治理方面存在更广泛的问题，强调需要有效规划，灵活应对可能旷日持久的流离失所危机，并公平分担确保权利保护的责任。这一点很重要，不仅因为确保这些权利是承认妇女和女童尊严的组成部分，而且还因为这对于使流离失所的妇女和女童能够作为发展的推动者，作为其活动支持实现可持续发展目标的生产性社会和经济推动者至关重要。ReGHID将：- 确定从中美洲到墨西哥以及从委内瑞拉到巴西和哥伦比亚的流离失所妇女和少女的性健康和生殖健康需求;- 评估流离失所对性健康和生殖健康领域地方卫生系统的影响，注意到接收国和过境国有义务确保所有人的健康人权得到尊重和保护;编制关于影响流离失所期间妇女和女童获得和提供性健康和生殖健康护理的性别不平等模式的原始原始数据。它这样做是为了提出基于人权的、可实现的应对措施，以解决（a）流离失所妇女和少女的近期和长期性健康和生殖健康需求，包括指导、技能和信息，使她们能够表达自己的性健康和生殖健康及权利;（B）一个反应迅速的综合保健模式，作为在长期流离失所的情况下保护移徙妇女和女孩的性健康和生殖健康及权利的政策解决方案。为了能够完成这项工作，该项目是共同设计的，并将通过学术界与移民、流离失所、援助和发展领域的主要联合国和非政府组织机构之间的伙伴关系合作实施。该项目将由一个跨学科的国际联合会实施，该联合会将卫生经济学、政治学、人口学和社会统计学、国际发展、人权、性别研究、人类学、移徙和公共卫生领域的主要学者联合起来。与会者来自中美洲和南美洲地区（洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多、巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥）的主要研究机构、南安普顿大学和约克大学。该方案受益于主要区域政府间组织和非政府组织的参与，包括中美洲卫生部理事会、国际移徙组织区域办事处、无国界医生组织（无国界医生组织，墨西哥）、联合国人口基金（人口基金）和拉丁美洲社会组织/哥斯达黎加。该联合体代表了有关研究和政策经验的独特平衡

Women and young girls who are driven by necessity to leave their countries in Central and South America (often on basis of gendered threats such as sexual violence) face a range of gender-specific threats to their health and well-being both in the process of migrating and in the places of settlement that they reach. Sexual and reproductive health is a key component of social development and well-being that is particularly at risk in contexts of displacement (risks of rape and sexual assault, of sexual disease, of lack of contraception or sanitary materials are all features of processes of forced displacement in this region and elsewhere) and the ability of displaced women and girls to access and exercise their sexual and reproductive health rights faces a number of obstacles. These can range in the immediate local context from lack of awareness of rights or of the practical knowledge and skills to negotiate health systems on the part of displaced women and girls to the lack of capacity of local health services to address the needs of displaced females, where these immediate problems point to wider issues of national and regional health governance, of the need for effective planning for flexible responsiveness to crises of displacement that may become protracted and the fair sharing of responsibility for securing rights protection. This matters not only because securing these rights is integral to recognising the dignity of women and girls, but also because it is critical to enabling displaced women and girls to act as agents of development, as productive social and economic agents whose activities support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. ReGHID will: - identify the sexual and reproductive health needs of women and adolescent girls displaced from Central America to Mexico and from Venezuela to Brazil and Colombia;- analyse the challenges that displaced women and girls face in relation to SRH;- assess the impact of displacement on local health systems in the area of SRH, noting the obligations of receiving and transit states to ensure that the human right to health for all is respected and protected; produce original primary data about gendered patterns of inequalities affecting access to and delivery of care in women and girls' SRH during displacement. It does so in order to propose human rights-based and deliverable responses addressing (a) the immediate and longer-term SRH needs of women and adolescent girls in displacement, including guidance, skills and information to equip them to articulate their SRHR; and (b) a responsive Comprehensive Healthcare Model as a policy solution to protect the SRHR of migrant women and girls in contexts of protracted displacement. To be able to do this work, the project has been co-designed, and will be cooperatively carried out, through a partnership between academics and major UN and NGO agencies from the fields of migration, displacement, aid and development. The project will be delivered by an interdisciplinary and international consortium that unites leading academics from health economics, political science, demography and social statistics, international development, human rights, gender studies, anthropology, migration and public health. Participants are drawn from leading research institutions in Central and South America region (Honduras, El Salvador, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico), the Universities of Southampton and York. It benefits from the participation of key regional intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations including the Council of Ministries of Health for Central America (COMISCA), the regional office of the International Organisation for Migrations (IOM), Medicos Sin Frontera (MSF, Mexico), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and FLACSO/Costa Rica. The consortium represents a unique balance of relevant research and policy experience