The paradox of choice in the sexual and reproductive health and rights challenges of south-south migrant girls and women in Central America and Mexico: A scoping review of the literature.
The paradox of choice in the sexual and reproductive health and rights challenges of south-south migrant girls and women in Central America and Mexico: A scoping review of the literature.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100143
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Neal, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garbett, Ann;Tavares, Natalia Cintra de Oliveira;Riggirozzi, Pia;Neal, Sarah
关键词：
移徙妇女在移徙的各个阶段都面临着性健康和生殖健康及权利方面的重大风险。性健康和生殖健康及权利影响妇女的移徙决定，包括过境计划以及移徙、定居和返回的决定。现有文献重点关注性健康和权利，较少关注移民妇女的生殖健康和权利。妇女和女孩不断在性健康和生殖健康及权利风险与更广泛的生计机会和移徙战略之间取得平衡。在过去十年中，中美洲和墨西哥的流离失所人数很多，妇女和女童在这一流动中所占的比例越来越大。妇女和女孩面临一系列独特的性和生殖健康风险，这既是移民过程的直接结果，也是该地区暴力、冲突和压迫性性别规范的后果。这一范围界定审查采用了一个五阶段进程，以搜索、确定和审查选定的文献，以回答两个问题：（1）妇女和女孩在流离失所之前和期间面临哪些性健康和生殖健康及权利风险、挑战和需求;（2）性健康和生殖健康及权利问题如何影响该区域妇女和女孩应对流离失所问题的机制和决定？从中美洲和墨西哥移民走廊的移民，性别和健康交叉文献中提取的数据进行了映射和分析，根据Guttmacher-Lancet委员会关于性和生殖健康及权利组成部分的框架。许多中美洲和墨西哥妇女和女孩逃离与帮派有关的冲突、基于性别的暴力、贫困和其他极端不利的情况。这项研究的结果表明，在整个移徙周期中，他们面临着进一步的贫困，健康和权利被剥夺。审查发现，移徙妇女和女孩在获得性健康和生殖健康服务方面遇到相当大的障碍，容易感染性传播疾病，并面临许多侵犯性权利和生殖权利的行为。青年移民和性工作者往往与边境地区的非正常移徙有关，他们似乎特别容易受到伤害。调查结果还显示，文献往往侧重于性健康和性权利，而关于更广泛的生殖健康问题的证据相对较少。至关重要的是，妇女和女孩必须如何在选择有限的情况下不断平衡风险和机会，以及她们的应对战略和决定如何界定和影响她们的移徙轨迹和更广泛的福祉。这项审查确定了文献中的差距，全面的研究，定义性和生殖健康和权利超越疾病和性行为的范围，以及需要更多地关注代表性不足的移民群体，如少女。
Migrant women face significant risks to their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) at all stages of migration. SRHR affect women's migration decisions, including transit plans and decisions to migrate, settle and return. Existing literature is focused on sexual health and rights, less so on reproductive health and rights of migrant women. Women and girls constantly balance competing SRHR risks with wider livelihood opportunities and migration strategies. The last decade has seen high levels of displacement in Central America and Mexico, with women and girls representing a growing share of this flow. Women and girls face a unique set of sexual and reproductive health risks, both as a direct result of the migration process, and as a consequence of violence, conflict and oppressive gender norms in the region. This scoping review adopts a five-stage process to search for, identify, and review selected literature to answer two questions: (1) what sexual and reproductive health and rights risks, challenges, and needs do women and girls face before and during displacement; and (2) how do issues of sexual and reproductive health and rights influence women and girls’ coping mechanisms and decisions in displacement in the region? Extracted data from intersecting literature on migration, gender, and health in the corridors of migration in Central America and Mexico are mapped and analyzed against a framework adapted from the Guttmacher-Lancet Commission on components of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Many Central American and Mexican women and girls flee conditions of gang-related conflict, gender-based violence, poverty, and other situations of extreme disadvantage. Findings from this study demonstrate they face further deprivation and suffering from the denial of health and rights throughout the migratory cycle. This review finds that migrant women and girls encounter considerable barriers to accessing services of sexual and reproductive health, are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections, and face many violations of sexual and reproductive rights. Young migrants and sex workers, who are often connected with irregular migration in border areas, appear to be particularly vulnerable. Findings also reveal that the literature tends to focus on sexual health and rights, with a relative paucity of evidence on wider reproductive health issues. Of critical importance is how women and girls must constantly balance risk and opportunity in situations of constrained choice, and how their coping strategies and decisions define and influence their migration trajectories and broader wellbeing. This review identifies a gap in the literature around comprehensive studies that define sexual and reproductive health and rights beyond the confines of disease and sexual behavior, as well as a need for greater focus on under-represented migrant groups such as adolescent girls.
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