ANATOMY OF THE PRIMATE VISUAL SYSTEM

为了更好地理解视觉联想皮质在知觉中的作用 和记忆，我们已经检查了组成大脑皮层的功能区 并通过使用 神经解剖示踪技术与生理学相结合 神经解剖示踪技术的记录结合 神经活动的生理记录。我们的结果表明， 纹状皮质(VI)以外的多个独立的视觉区域 信息处理的流程。这些区域被组织成两个 发散的皮质通路，每条通路都以VI作为其初始来源 输入。一种是枕颞部通路，能够识别 对象，而另一个是枕顶通路，调节 对物体和视觉之间的空间关系的欣赏 有规律的运动。枕颞部径路(VI、V2、 V3、V4、Teo和TE)似乎是 组织为连续层次结构，其中每个区域处理两种颜色 和形式。相比之下，枕顶径路(V1， MT和MT在顶叶皮质的投影区)处理 刺激运动。因为这条路径的一个主要组成部分延伸到 在前部的颞上沟内，神经机制 潜在的视觉空间功能可能比以前更广泛 想着。来自脑血流研究的数据表明， 人类，就像猴子一样，有两条不同的视觉处理路径，尽管 它们的解剖位置可能存在跨物种的差异。至 建立枕颞部和枕顶部的联系 运动系统的通路，我们探索了视觉的投射 将皮质与纹状体联系起来。这些预测的目标是 尾状核和腹侧壳核的尾部，它们依次突出 至黑质、网状部和苍白球 (GP)。因为SNR和Gp对补充的已知输入 运动和运动前皮质通过丘脑，纹状体可能通过 视觉系统会影响行为。

To better understand the role of visual association cortex in perception and memory, we have examined the functional areas that comprise this cortex in the macaque and explored their interconnections by the use of neuroanatomical tracing techniques in combination with physiological recording of neuroanatomical tracing techniques in combination with physiological recording of neural activity. Our results indicate that a multiplicity of separate visual areas lie beyond the striate cortex (VI) in the stream of information processing. These areas are organized into two divergent cortical pathways, each having VI as the source of its initial input. One, an occipitotemporal pathway, enables the recognition of objects, while the other, an occipitoparietal pathway, mediates the appreciation of spatial relationships among objects as well as the visual quidance of movement. The areas along he occipitotemporal pathway (VI, V2, V3, v4, and TEO and TE of the inferior temporal cortex) appear to be organized as a serial hierarchy, in which each area processes both color and form. By contrast, the areas along the occipitoparietal pathway (V1, MT, and MT's projection zones in parietal cortex) process the direction of stimulus motion. Because a major component of this pathway extends anteriorly within the superior temporal sulcus, the neural mechanisms underlying visuospatial function may be more extensive than previously thought. Data from cerebral blood flow studies indicate the existence in humans, as in monkeys, of two distinct visual processing pathways, although there may be cross-species differences in their anatomical locations. To establish the links of both the occipitotemporal and occipitoparietal pathways with the motor system, we have explored the projections of visual association cortex to the striatum. The targets of these projections are the tail of the caudate nucleus and ventral putamen, which project in turn to the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNr) and the globus pallidus (GP). Because of the known inputs of the SNr and GP to the supplementary motor and premotor cortex via the thalamus, the striatum could be a link by which the visual system influences behavior.