Futuristic Ecosystems for Digital Entrepreneurships: UK-India cross border collaborations for enhancing Knowledge-Economy

自熊彼特（Schumpeter, 1954）强调“破坏性的创造性大风”以来，企业家精神一直引起经济学家的兴趣。在开发新机会的过程中，企业家提高了整个经济的生产率（Kirzner, 1973）。随着移动计算、社交媒体和数据分析等数字技术的创新，创业机会不断扩大（Nambisan, 2017）。技能和技术的扩散及其被企业吸收，创造了新的就业机会，提高了英国和印度的生产力和繁荣。在当前的第四次工业革命和万物互联期间，数字技术的进步迅速扩大，然而，有关贸易和跨境投资潜力的系统分析仍然缺乏。因此，我们的研究将分析涉及数字创业的英印跨境贸易和投资的潜力。英国和印度坚定地致力于鼓励创业。通过学生、在职专业人士和海外侨民，印度和英国之间自上而下和自下而上的成熟和新兴网络，有力地促进了知识、思想和投资的交流。为促进印度和英国之间的繁荣而采取联合行动的潜力扩展到创业合作，包括中小型企业（sme）。虽然有一些研究研究了产业的性质、所涉及的业务功能、支持它的机构和技术（Gomber等人，2017），但关于该部门如何与其他经济部门相互作用的研究很少。因此，我们将通过数字创业来研究英印贸易和投资的当前和未来范围，以加强知识经济，并提供360度的观点，以加强人力和财政资源的共享。本研究采用混合方法进行结构化循证跨学科研究，涉及一手数据和第二手数据。主要数据将从英国和印度的大学孵化器收集。在此背景下，我们将对英国和印度内部以及之间的数字创业生态系统进行概述，包括金融服务/金融科技公司。我们将从企业家精神在降低交易成本、加强信贷流动和创造投资良性循环方面所发挥的作用出发，研究跨境合作的机遇和挑战。我们还将研究支持中小企业和非正规部门创业的现有和潜在机会，包括贸易融资、发票融资和个人对个人贷款。我们还将探讨现有和必要的机制，以实现包容和平等机会。本研究亦会检视现行的政策及规例，找出加强合作的机会，并找出挑战，提出改善建议，以克服潜在的瓶颈，加强合作，实现共同繁荣。根据我们的分析，我们将开发潜在的未来生态系统，以进一步促进英印贸易和跨境投资，在不断变化的全球环境中促进双方的经济增长和繁荣。

Entrepreneurship has been of interest for economists since Schumpeter (1954), who emphasised the "creative gale of destruction". In the process of exploiting new opportunities, entrepreneurs enhance productivity in the overall economy (Kirzner, 1973). The opportunities for entrepreneurship have expanded with innovation in digital technologies such as mobile computing, social media and data analytics (Nambisan, 2017). The diffusion of skills and technology and its absorption by firms generate new kind of jobs, enhances productivity and prosperity for both UK and India. Advancements in digital technologies have been expanding rapidly during the current fourth industrial revolution and internet of everything, however, systematic analyses pertaining to the potential for trade and cross border investments is yet scare. Thus, our study will analyse the potential for UK-India cross border trade and investments involving Digital Entrepreneurships. UK and India are strongly committed to encouraging entrepreneurship. The exchange of knowledge, ideas and investment is facilitated strongly through established and emerging networks between India and UK both top down and bottom up, through students, working professionals and diaspora. The potential for joint action for enhanced prosperity between India and UK extends to collaborations in entrepreneurships, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). While there has been some work on examining the nature of industry, the business functions involved, the institutions that support it and the technologies (Gomber et al., 2017), there is little research on how this sector interacts with the rest of the economy. Hence we will examine current and future scope for UK-India trade and investment through digital entrepreneurship to enhance knowledge economy and provide a 360-degree view of the nature and impact for enhanced sharing of human and financial resources. This study undertakes structured evidence-based trans-disciplinary research using mixed-methodology involving primary and secondary data. Primary data will be collected from universities-based incubators in UK and India. In this context, we will conduct an overview of existing ecosystem within and between UK and India for digital entrepreneurships including financial services/FinTech firms. We will examine the opportunities and challenges for cross border collaborations in terms of the role played by such entrepreneurships for reducing transaction costs, enhancing credit flows, and creating a virtuous cycle of investment. We will also examine existing and potential opportunities for supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the informal sector entrepreneurship, including trade financing, invoice financing and peer-to-peer lending. We will also explore existing and necessary mechanisms to enable inclusion and equal opportunity. This study will also examine current policies and regulations to ascertain opportunities for enhancing co-operation as well as identify challenges to suggest improvements to overcome potential bottlenecks to enhance co-operation and enable mutual prosperity. Based on our analyses, we will develop potential future ecosystems toward further UK-India trade and cross border investments toward enhancing mutual economic growth and prosperity in a changing global environment.