Pathways Through Liberation - Revealing Survivors' Support Journeys Outside of the UK National Referral Mechanism.

2018年全球奴隶制指数估计，英国有13.6万名现代奴隶制和人口贩运的受害者，英国政府在其2019年《现代奴隶制年度报告》中承认，英国现代奴隶制的规模正在增加。在整个英国，幸存者目前有权通过国家转介机制(NRM)获得45-90天的支持，NRM是政府资助的系统，提供专家支持，不同地区的支持有所不同，苏格兰和北爱尔兰的支持期限有更大的灵活性。然而，在2018年，只有6993名潜在受害者被转介给NRM(包括儿童)。其中，鲜为人知的是，大多数幸存者在NRM的时间结束时达到了支持的“悬崖边缘”，但有一些证据表明，幸存者正在经历无家可归和贫困，并面临进一步剥削的风险(Nicholson等人，2019年)。对那些拒绝加入NRM或过早退出NRM的人的结果和支持互动的了解就更少了。这些人正在进行的旅程和结果没有受到大多数支助组织或政府当局的例行监测。没有收集关于选择不进入新奴隶制或过早退出新奴隶制服务的现代奴隶制疑似受害者人数或他们这样做的原因的数据。我们的项目将解决这一知识差距。在研究小组成员先前开发的基于地点的剥削反应(Birks and Gardner，2019)和幸存者支持(Nicholson et al，2019；Mead，Jordan&Nicholson，2018；Toft，Nicholson&Cuypers，2017；Trautrims，Nicholson&Boulghassul，2016；Murphy，2018)工作的基础上，该项目寻求收集丰富的数据，并提供分析，以提供对幸存者支持实践的原创性理论见解和理解。我们将与幸存者合作，记录和分享他们的恢复经验以及他们与国家和第三部门服务的遭遇，我们还承诺第三部门将促进对英国各地幸存者的采访，以揭示他们的非NRM支持之旅。我们将重点关注三个不同的群体：1)选择不加入NRM的潜在受害者；2)同意加入NRM但提前退出NRM支持服务的人；以及3)在NRM支持期结束后退出NRM服务的人。通过这些访谈和额外的结构化在线问卷，我们将从幸存者本人那里提取关键信息和解决方案，建立一个证据基础，使现有的前线服务提供模式能够得到有效发展。我们的研究将表明，为了使幸存者能够更快地恢复，并为他们提供合作将剥削者绳之以法的稳定性，增加与全国解放运动的接触，并实现持续解放，需要进行哪些改革。产出将包括：一个网站，其中将保存丰富的新经验数据，可用可视化工具进行探索；向地方和国家政策制定者提供幸存者知情的建议，介绍有助于促进可持续恢复和重返社会的服务干预措施；召开闭幕会议，接触主要利益攸关方并利用变革的势头；以及就我们的调查结果发表学术出版物。

The 2018 Global Slavery Index estimated there were 136,000 victims of modern slavery and human trafficking in UK, and in its 2019 Annual Report on Modern Slavery the UK Government acknowledged that the scale of modern slavery in the UK is increasing. Across the UK, survivors are currently entitled to receive 45-90 days of support via the National Referral Mechanism (NRM), the government-funded system which provides access to specialist support, with support varying between regions and greater flexibility in the duration of support in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Yet in 2018, only 6,993 potential victims were referred to the NRM (including children). Of those, little is known about what happens to the majority of survivors after they reach the 'cliff edge' of support at the end of their time in the NRM, but there is some evidence that survivors are experiencing homelessness and destitution, and are at risk of further exploitation (Nicholson et al, 2019). Even less is known about the outcomes and support interactions of those who decline to enter the NRM, or who exit prematurely. The ongoing journeys and outcomes for these individuals are not routinely monitored by most support organisations or by governmental authorities. Data is not collected on the numbers of suspected victims of modern slavery who choose not to enter the NRM or who exit NRM services prematurely, or their reasons for doing so. Our project will address this knowledge gap. Building on the work previously developed by research team members on place-based responses to exploitation (Birks and Gardner, 2019), and survivor support (Nicholson et al, 2019; Mead, Jordan & Nicholson, 2018; Toft, Nicholson & Cuypers, 2017; Trautrims, Nicholson & Boulghassoul, 2016; Murphy, 2018) this project seeks to gather rich data and provide analysis that delivers original theoretical insights and understandings of survivor support practice. We will be working with survivors to record and share their experiences of recovery and of their encounters with state and third sector services, and we have third sector commitment to facilitate interviews with survivors across the UK to reveal their non-NRM support journeys. We will focus on three distinct cohorts: 1) Potential victims who have chosen not to enter the NRM; 2) those who have consented to enter the NRM but exit NRM support services prematurely; and 3) those who have exited NRM services following the completion of the NRM support period. Via these interviews, and through an additional structured online questionnaire, we will draw out key messages and solutions from survivors' themselves, building an evidence base that will enable the effective development of existing models of front-line service provision. Our research will show what changes are necessary to enable survivors to recover more quickly, and provide them with the stability to co-operate in bringing their exploiters to justice, increase engagement with the NRM, and achieve sustained liberation. Outputs will include: A website which will hold rich new empirical data which can be explored with visual tools; survivor-informed recommendations for local and national policy-makers on service interventions that can help to promote sustainable recovery and reintegration; a closing conference to reach key stakeholders and capitalise on momentum for change; and academic publications on our findings.