JPI MYBL EWG Exclusion from civic engagement of a diverse older population: Features, experiences, and policy implications (CIVEX)

在欧洲老龄化社会中，能够健康和积极地老龄化不仅对老年人本身，而且对更广泛的社会都是一项重大挑战。此外，老年人在物质和财政资源、社会关系、获得服务的机会、社区和邻里融合以及公民和文化参与等关键生活领域继续面临社会排斥的风险。尽管晚年的社会排斥是研究和政策的一个关键主题，但在知识和理解方面仍然存在重大差距。这些差距降低了以证据为基础的政策和做法发展的潜力。目前研究知识的一个主要缺陷是缺乏关于老年人被排除在多层面公民参与之外的概念发展和经验证据。CIVEX的目标是弥补这一差距。它将调查在晚年多层面公民参与中被排斥的特征，审查老年人被排斥的经历，并确定以证据为基础的政策应对措施，以解决这种形式的排斥。CIVEX将开发一个综合的跨学科研究项目，将基础研究和社会影响结合起来。CIVEX联盟包括五个欧洲国家，它们代表着截然不同的福利国家制度和文化背景：盎格鲁-撒克逊国家(英国)、欧洲大陆国家(比利时)、北欧国家(瑞典和芬兰)和南方国家(西班牙)。从整体角度来看，CIVEX的总体目标是审查将其排除在以后生活中公民参与的多维形式之外。CIVEX将处理与多样化老年人的多层面公民参与有关的五个目标：1)微观变量，侧重于多样性和交叉性(性别、社会经济和种族文化背景)；2)中观变量和3)宏观层面的排斥驱动因素，以了解社区和社区以及福利国家制度如何影响对多元化老年人公民参与的多层面排斥；4)将可能被边缘化的老年人群体纳入和排除在公民参与之外的亲身经历；以及5)生命历程观点，以评估生命早期和成人生命过程关键阶段的条件如何影响个人在以后生命中参与多层面公民活动的机会。为了实现这些科学目标，CIVEX试图产生一种新的、全面的理论模型，以概念化地将未来生活中的多维公民参与排除在外。为了实现其目标，CIVEX将使用混合方法设计来比较、联系和补充定量和定性的观点。CIVEX还旨在优化基于证据的处理和基于实践的处理之间的平衡，最终实现基于证据的实践。出于这个原因，CIVEX已被开发为一个联合制作项目。老年人和老年人组织将在CIVEX中发挥核心作用。老年人不仅是研究参与者，也是共同研究人员，在收集、分析、介绍和传播数据以及制定和传播循证政策对策方面提供基本的“内部视角”。CIVEX中的老年人群体将代表目前欧洲公民和CIVEX的五个参与国的组成。参与的老年人组织将反过来充当顾问委员会，并将与学术合作伙伴并肩工作，以确保研究的社会相关性，将其转化为有效的基于证据的政策建议，并广泛传播给相关的公众受众。因此，CIVEX将寻求展示老年人的利益和关切如何在公共决策过程中得到更好的代表。

In Europe's ageing societies, being able to age healthily and actively is a major challenge not only for older people themselves but also for wider society. Moreover, older adults continue to be at risk of social exclusion in key life domains, including material and financial resources, social relations, access to services, community and neighbourhood integration, and civic and cultural participation. While social exclusion in later life represents a key topic for research and policy, significant gaps in knowledge and understanding persist. Such gaps reduce the potential for evidence-based policy and practice development. One major shortcoming in current research knowledge concerns the lack of conceptual development and empirical evidence on older adults' exclusion from multidimensional civic engagement. CIVEX aims to meet this gap. It will investigate features of exclusion from multidimensional civic engagement in later life, examine older adults' experiences of such exclusion, and identify evidence-based policy responses to address this form of exclusion. CIVEX will develop a comprehensive and interdisciplinary research project combining fundamental research and societal impact. The CIVEX consortium includes five European countries selected to represent contrasting welfare state regimes and cultural contexts: Anglo-Saxon (UK), Continental (Belgium), Nordic (Sweden and Finland) and Southern (Spain).Taking a holistic perspective, the overarching aim of CIVEX is to examine exclusion from multidimensional forms of civic engagement in later life. CIVEX will address five objectives linked to multidimensional civic engagement of a diverse older population: 1) micro-level variables, with a focus on a diversity and intersectionality (gender, socio-economic and ethno-cultural backgrounds); 2) meso-level variables and 3) macro-level drivers of exclusion to understand how neighbourhoods and communities as well as welfare state regimes influence the multidimensional exclusion from civic engagement of a diverse older population; 4) lived experiences of inclusion and exclusion from civic engagement of potentially marginalised groups of older adults; and 5) life-course perspectives to assess how conditions earlier in life and at key stages of the adult life course affect individuals' opportunities to participate in multidimensional civic activities later in life. In meeting these scientific objectives, CIVEX seeks to produce a new, comprehensive theoretical model to conceptualise exclusion from multidimensional civic engagement in later life.To achieve its objectives, CIVEX will use a mixed-methods design to compare, relate and complement both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. CIVEX also aims to optimise the balance between evidence-based and practice-based handling, ultimately coming to evidence-based practice. For that reason, CIVEX has been developed as a co-production project. Older adults and older people's organisations will play central role in CIVEX. Older adults will not only be research participants but also co-researchers, providing an essential "insider perspective" in collecting, analysing, presenting and disseminating the data and also when developing and disseminating evidence-based policy responses. The group of older adults within CIVEX will represent the current composition of European citizens and the five participating countries in CIVEX. Older people's organisations involved will, in turn, act as an advisory board and will work side by side with academic partners to ensure the societal relevance of the research, its translation into effective evidence-based policy recommendations, and its wide dissemination to relevant public audiences. As a result, CIVEX will seek to show how older adults' interests and concerns may be better represented in public decision making processes.