JPI MYBL EWG Care, Inequality and Wellbeing in Transnational Families in Europe: a comparative, intergenerational study in Spain, France, Sweden & UK

这个创新的比较研究项目将调查在英国、西班牙、法国和瑞典的跨国家庭中不同世代的照顾、不平等和幸福之间的关系。2019冠状病毒病危机凸显了许多欧洲国家在老龄化社会中面临的护理赤字问题，低收入的女性移民往往填补了正规护理服务的空白，而她们对亲属的照顾责任往往被忽视。人口老龄化和国际移民增加导致的人口结构变化正在导致护理、社会保护和代际责任的提供发生重大变化。这些转变可能会加剧有护理需求的移民家庭面临的现有不平等。该项目将比较四个伙伴国内移民照顾者和跨国家庭的经验，并对比福利模式、移民制度和后殖民遗产。我们将使用以家庭为中心的多站点人种学和参与性行动研究方法，与合作伙伴组织合作，培训移民同伴研究人员，并支持他们与家庭一起进行研究，在社区内建立信任和能力。我们将从每个国家的两个不同地区选择100个有护理需求的跨国家庭（每个国家25个），这些家庭来自不同的种族和不同的法律地位，以比较不同城市和农村规模以及国家之间的经验。我们将与3或4代不同的人接触，包括生活在原籍国/其他定居国的家庭成员。我们将选择20-30个案例研究家庭进行深入的民族志研究。我们的目标是将样本与生活在多个合作伙伴国家的家庭成员进行匹配，以探索进一步的移民和资源流动，并比较不同的社会保护权利。该研究将提供独特的见解，了解家庭护理实践是如何在欧洲跨国家庭的不同世代之间和内部进行谈判的，同时也考虑到他们在原籍国的家庭关系。这个及时的项目将捕捉2019冠状病毒病大流行对跨国家庭的健康、经济、社会和情感影响，包括代际关怀责任和流动战略的变化。它将探讨护理对年轻人，中年人和老年人的福祉和机会的影响，以及社会生殖和生产工作如何受到性别，年龄和代际，残疾，种族，民族/文化背景以及社会经济和法律地位的交叉不平等的影响。它将特别关注幼儿看护以及这如何影响儿童的福祉、教育和机会。这个跨学科项目还将探讨语言障碍如何使跨国照顾者面临的不平等现象长期存在，以及年轻一代如何提供“语言中介”，并帮助年长的家庭成员驾驭官僚的法律和行政体系，以主张自己的权利。该项目将通过提供宝贵的证据基础，为改善欧洲跨国家庭的福祉和平等的政策提供信息，从而产生重大的社会影响。它将通过合作制作文化上合适的工具和培训材料，为青年和成人护理人员以及跨国家庭提供支持，将学习融入实践。调查结果和产出将通过社区筛选、区域利益相关者讲习班、重要学术和从业者会议以及国际跨学科研讨会进行传播。该项目将在移民研究、社会与情感地理学、儿童与青年研究、家庭社会学、社会语言学和移民语言教育等领域发表14篇高影响力的期刊文章，并共同编辑一卷。该数据集将被存档以供未来的研究人员使用。

This innovative comparative research project will investigate the relationships between care, inequalities & wellbeing among different generations of transnational families in the UK, Spain, France & Sweden. The COVID-19 crisis has brought into stark relief the care deficits many European countries are confronting as ageing societies, with low-paid women migrants often filling gaps in formal care provision, while their own caring responsibilities for kin are often overlooked. Demographic shifts due to population ageing & increased international migration are leading to major changes in the provision of care, social protection & intergenerational responsibilities. These transformations may exacerbate existing inequalities facing migrant families with care needs.The project will compare migrant carers' and transnational families' experiences within four partner countries with contrasting welfare models, migration regimes & post-colonial legacies. Using a multi-sited family-focused ethnographic & participatory action research methodology, we will work with partner organisations to train migrant peer researchers & support them to undertake research with families, building trust & capacity within communities. We will select a diverse sample of 100 transnational families with care needs (25 in each country) of different ethnicities & varying legal status from two contrasting regions in each country to compare experiences at different urban and rural scales, as well as between countries. We will engage with 3 or 4 different generations, including family members living in countries of origin/other settlement countries. We will select 20-30 case study families for in-depth ethnographic research. We aim to match the sample with family members living in more than one partner country to explore onward migration & resource flows & compare differing entitlements to social protection.The study will provide unique insights into how family care practices are negotiated between & within different generations of transnational families in Europe, while also considering their family ties in countries of origin. This timely project will capture the health, economic, social & emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transnational families as the crisis unfolds, including changing intergenerational caring responsibilities & mobility strategies. It will explore the impacts of care on younger, middle & older generations' wellbeing & opportunities & how social reproductive & productive work are shaped by intersecting inequalities of gender, age & generation, disability, race, ethnicity/cultural background & socio-economic & legal status. It will include a specific focus on young caregiving & how this affects children's wellbeing, education & opportunities. This interdisciplinary project will also explore how language barriers may perpetuate inequalities facing transnational carers & how younger generations may provide 'language-brokering' & help older family members to navigate bureaucratic legal & administrative systems to claim their rights.The project will achieve significant societal impacts by providing a valuable evidence-base to inform policy in improving the wellbeing & equality of transnational families in Europe. It will embed the learning in practice through the co-production of culturally appropriate tools & training materials that support young & adult carers & transnational families. The findings & outputs will be disseminated through community screenings, regional stakeholder workshops, key academic & practitioner conferences & an international interdisciplinary Symposium. The project will produce 14 high impact journal articles in the fields of migration studies, social & emotional geographies, childhood & youth studies, family sociology, sociolinguistics & migrant language education & a co-edited volume. The dataset will be archived for future researchers' use.