Creative Collaborations: Salons and Networks in Kyoto and Osaka 1780-1880

这个研究项目有两个平行的目标。一个是日本和英国的研究人员和机构之间的合作学术企业，旨在分析艺术和文学沙龙和集体艺术创作（gassaku）在早期现代日本的文化和社会影响，特别是在1780-1880年期间的京都-大阪地区。二是务实，在新冠肺炎疫情深刻影响下，探讨如何有效开展日英研究项目，尽量减少两国人员往来。换句话说，在进行学术研究的同时，我们将以我们的研究项目为例，研究使用数字在线技术进行远程协作的有效性。核心团队成员来自立命馆大学艺术研究中心（ARC）、关西大学（KU）、京都国立现代艺术博物馆、大英博物馆（BM）和伦敦SOAS大学。该小组是通过英国ESRC网络资助（2019）和立命馆和关西大学资助的先前学术合作成立的。根据现存的原始资料，很明显，在江户时代晚期，日本的艺术创作是普遍的。这些艺术品通常采用绘画、surimono（私人委托的彩色木版画，上面有诗歌和图像）和插图书的形式。它们通常是在文化沙龙的背景下制作的，这些沙龙向所有社会阶层的人、专业人员和业余爱好者、男子和妇女开放。然而，与著名的艺术家和作家相比，这些参与者中的大多数人的身份是不被承认的，也是不为人知的。我们的研究将调查沙龙团体和网络的成员和规模，通过分析BM， KU和京都Paul Berry私人收藏的5000多份主要资料，这些数据将输入ARC数据库。研究主要分为三个阶段：1)数字化；2)文本转录和输入；3)采用手工和数字方法进行数据分析。为了使团队能够远程访问语料库对象，该项目将对它们进行数字化，成员将转录对象中的文本。ARC数据库中的图像和文本数据将允许会员在线访问分析阶段。为了克服庞大语料库的挑战，该项目在日本和英国组建了一个核心和副研究员团队，他们致力于数据输入和分析。我们将举办网上研讨会和专题讨论会，根据在数字化和转录过程中发现的证据，讨论个别成员的研究。这些数据将补充ARC现有的日本物质文化数据库系统。通过分析和在线学习研讨会，我们将准备传播我们的结果，包括a)一本双语编辑的卷，其中包含符合项目目标的项目成员的贡献；b) 2024年在大英博物馆举办展览，并附带一份面向更广泛观众的目录；c)公开启动由ARC托管的项目语料库对象数据库，所有这些都将对全世界的日语研究做出持久的贡献。最后，d)我们将制作一份关于远程国际合作策略评估的报告。

This research project has two parallel objectives. One is a collaborative scholarly enterprise among researchers and institutions in Japan and the UK, which aims to analyse the cultural and social impact of art and literary salons and collective creation of art (gassaku) in early modern Japan, in particular of the Kyoto-Osaka region during 1780-1880. The second objective is pragmatic in this era under the profound impact of Covid-19, which is to explore how efficiently and productively we could conduct a Japan-UK research project by keeping physical traveling between the two countries to a bare minimum. In other words, in pursuit of academic research, we will at the same time examine the effectiveness of using digital online technologies for remote collaboration, taking our research project as a case study. The core team members are from the Art Research Center (ARC) of Ritsumeikan University, Kansai University (KU), the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, the British Museum (BM) and SOAS University of London. The group has been formed through previous academic collaborations funded by UK's ESRC Networking Grant (2019) and grants from Ritsumeikan and Kansai Universities. Based on extant primary materials, it is evident that the collaborative creation of art was common in late Edo-period Japan. Such artworks typically took the forms of paintings, surimono (privately commissioned colour woodblock prints with poems and images) and illustrated books. They were often produced in the context of cultural salons, which were open to people of all social levels, professionals and amateurs, men and women. In contrast to the celebrated artists and authors, however, the identities of most of these individual participants are unacknowledged and remain unknown. Our research will investigate the membership and scale of salon groups and networks through the analysis of a large corpus of over 5,000 primary materials held at the BM, KU and the Paul Berry private collection in Kyoto, the data of which will be input into an ARC database. The research has three main stages: 1) Digitisation; 2) text transcription and input; and 3) data analysis using manual and digital methods. To enable the team to access the corpus objects remotely, the project will digitise them, and the members will transcribe the texts in the objects. The image and text data on the ARC database will allow the members online access for the analysis stage. To overcome the challenge of the large corpus, the project has assembled a team of core and associate researchers in Japan and the UK, who are committed to data input and analysis. We will hold online workshops and symposia to discuss individual members' research based on the evidence found during the digitisation and transcription process. This data will complement the ARC's existing system of databases on Japanese material culture. Through analyses and online study workshops, we will prepare for dissemination of our results, consisting of a) a bilingual edited volume with contributions from the project members in line with the project's aims; b) an exhibition at the BM in 2024 and an accompanying catalogue aimed at a wider audience; and c) public launch of the database of the project's corpus objects hosted by the ARC, all of which will form a lasting contribution to Japanese studies worldwide. Finally, d) we will produce a report of our assessment of remote international collaboration strategies.