Pro- and Anti-Migrant Mobilization in Mediterranean Refugee Reception Sites

“有争议的移徙”解决了当代一个关键的社会和人道主义挑战，即影响到8 000万人的被迫流离失所问题。在过去十年中，逃离的难民跨越国际边界变得更加激烈，更加困难，更有组织，更致命，并以全球难民契约和欧洲移民公约的形式刺激了全球和欧洲的大规模政策变化。这些重大的政策转变主要是由于特定难民接待点的紧急情况引起的。在地中海地区，莱斯沃斯岛、休达和兰佩杜萨在这段时间里备受关注。这些地点不仅扩大了难民流动所引发的更广泛的社会政治动态，主要是在支持和反对难民的行为者之间。该项目通过难民接待站的透镜研究移民治理，重点关注政治争论。我们重点关注以下四个问题：RQ 1：接待站动员了哪些支持和反移民运动，它们如何展开以及它们如何相互影响？我们在三个地中海国家中选择了三个广受媒体和研究关注的著名地点，以及三个研究较少的接待地点：分别是西班牙的休达和梅利拉，意大利的兰佩杜萨和的里雅斯特，以及希腊的莱斯沃斯和埃夫罗斯。建议问题3：动员动态与更广泛的移徙政治有何关系？RQ 4：人种学深度和相对严谨性的跨学科结合为分析支持和反对移民的行为者提供了什么？该项目特别关注三种形式的行动（工作方案2）：（一）常规行动，包括活动家诉讼和选举动员等举措;（二）争议性行动，包括搜索和救援行动、反法证、海滩巡逻和抗议等一系列活动;（iii）文化艺术，包括展览、表演、舞台活动，和遗产材料的使用。我们研究了这三种形式的独特性和相互关系，并考虑到性别等交叉问题。我们的重点是跨主题和类别展开的政治进程，以扩大行动的效果并决定动员的成功。（例如欧洲移徙机构、治安做法、移徙路线上的位置）;（B）在场的支持和反对移徙者的概况（例如与国家和其他机构行为者的联系以及在当地社会中的地位）;（c）社会背景（例如，移徙的历史和政治意义、边界在日常生活中的作用以及多样性的现有形式）。我们采用参与式和非参与式观察，一系列半结构化访谈，以及现场收集和分析与政策，法律，媒体和艺术有关的文件。我们还通过与机构的合作关系，在实地参与和公共产出方面采取合作方式。我们通过实地研究活动和交流实地访问，与各大学和专家合作。我们还合作设计和组织参与活动，选择能够就项目政策和公共产出提供意见和反思的参与者和利益相关者。“移民竞争”将制作一份政策报告和一部电影，以及学术成果。我们采用严格的比较方法，将多个微观故事拼凑在一起，以有意义、有影响力的方式，阐明通常抽象的移徙动态观点及其所带来的复杂政治进程。

"Contesting Migration" tackles a crucial social and humanitarian contemporary challenge, that of forced displacement, affecting 80 million people. The crossing of international borders by refugees who flee has, in the last decade, become more intense, more difficult, more organised, and more deadly and has spurred wholesale policy changes globally and in Europe in the forms of the Global Compact on Refugees and the European Migration Pact. These grand policy shifts have largely been elicited by emergencies in specific refugee reception sites. In the Mediterranean, Lesvos, Ceuta and Lampedusa have attracted much attention during this time. These sites distil but also magnify the broader socio-political dynamics that refugee flows set in motion, primarily between pro- and anti-refugee actors. The project studies the governance of migration through the lens of refugee reception sites with a focus on political contestation.We focus on the following four questions:RQ1: What pro- and anti-migrant campaigns are mobilized at reception sites, how do they unfold and how do they influence each other? We have selected three well known locations, which have received significant media and research attention, and three lesser-researched reception sites, in each of three Mediterranean countries: respectively, Ceuta and Melilla in Spain, Lampedusa and Trieste in Italy, and Lesvos and Evros in Greece.RQ2: In what ways are these contestations amplified in public debate and local governance across the different sites?RQ3: How do mobilization dynamics relate to wider migration politics?RQ4: What does the cross-disciplinary combination of ethnographic depth and comparative rigor offer to the analysis of pro- and anti-migrant actors?Three forms of action are of particular concern to the project (WP2):(i) conventional, comprising initiatives like activist litigation and electoral mobilization;(ii) contentious, comprising a spectrum of activities from search and rescue operations, counter-forensics, beach patrols, and protests;(iii) cultural-artistic, comprising exhibitions, performances, staged events, and use of heritage materials.We examine these three forms in both their distinctiveness and interrelation, taking into account cross-cutting issues like gender. Our focus is on the political processes that unfold across themes and categories to amplify the effect of actions and determine the success of mobilization.The case studies are compared (WP3) in terms of:(a) institutional environment (e.g. European migration apparatuses, policing practices, location on migration routes);(b) profile of pro- and anti-migrant actors present (e.g. link to state and other institutional actors and place in local society);(c) social context (e.g. historical and political relevance of migration, the role of borders in daily life, and existing forms of diversity).Towards these comparisons, we employ participant and non-participant observations, a range of semi-structured interviews, and onsite collection and analysis of documents relating to policy, law, media and art.We also adopt a collaborative approach on field engagement through partnerships with institutions, and on the production of public outputs. We work with universities and experts at the sites through field research activities and exchange field visits. We also collaborate in designing and organising engagement activities, selecting actors and stakeholders who can offer input and reflection regarding the project's policy and public outputs. "Contesting Migration" will produce a policy report and a film, alongside academic outputs. These will be prepared following group discussions with actors in the field and virtually.The rigorous comparative methodology we adopt allows us to piece together the multiple micro-stories that illuminate the often abstract view of migration dynamics and the complex political processes they entail in a meaningfully impactful way.