The School Meals Service: Past, Present - And Future?

该项目将探讨英国学校膳食服务（SMS）自1906年成立以来的目标，成就和局限性。通过历史和人种学方法相结合，它试图发现该服务对学校、社区和学生的影响，以及从短信接收者、教师和餐饮工作人员现在和过去的生活经历中可以学到什么教训。尽管学校供餐一直是社会政策中备受讨论的领域，但在新冠肺炎疫情期间，它尤其受到关注。自疫情开始以来，有资格获得免费校餐的儿童比例大幅上升，（20.8%或174万名儿童，高于2020年1月的17.3%）（DFE，2021），指责不好--有计划的政策决策和临时干预措施已被夷为平地，在整个危机期间，特别是当学校被迫转向主要在线提供（下议院2020; Lobb 2021）。从SMS是英国福利国家的一个有价值和有价值的部分的立场出发，我们问SMS的这些问题是由于新冠肺炎危机还是长期存在的问题，需要系统层面的变化来纠正。坊间证据表明，对短信的不满可以追溯到多年前。这在21世纪初名厨杰米奥利弗领导的反对使用廉价加工食品（如现在臭名昭著的“火鸡卷”）的运动中以及玛格丽特撒切尔作为20世纪70年代“抢牛奶者”的持久声誉中都是显而易见的（史密斯，2010年）。我们认为，这个问题只能通过对英国SMS的历史进行深入的批判性分析来解决，包括政策选择和实施的意图和影响。该项目借鉴“有用的过去”的概念框架（Tyack和Cuban，1994年），将对SMS从1906年开始到现在的第一个系统的政策和社会历史进行研究，并结合对布拉德福德、伦敦、卡迪夫和格拉斯哥四所合作学校的儿童今天在学校供餐方面的经验进行人种学研究。这种历史和当代民族志研究的结合将使SMS面临的当前挑战的纵向评估。从研究中得出的见解将使项目小组提供关键的，历史上知情的建议，以政策制定者和从业人员，旨在确保SMS在英国的未来。

This project will explore the aims, achievements and limitations of the UK School Meals Service (SMS) from its inception in 1906. Through a combination of historical and ethnographic approaches, it seeks to discover the Service's impact on schools, communities and pupils and what lessons may be learned from the lived experiences of SMS recipients, teachers and catering staff, both now and in the past. While always a much-discussed area of social policy, school meals have achieved particular prominence during the Covid-19 pandemic. With a significant rise in the percentage of children eligible for free school meals since the start of the pandemic (20.8% or 1.74 million children up from 17.3% in January 2020) (DFE, 2021), accusations of poorly-planned policy decision making and ad hoc interventions have been levelled at the UK government response to feeding pupils throughout the crisis especially when schools were forced to move to mainly online provision (House of Commons 2020; Lobb 2021). Starting from the position that the SMS is a valuable and valued part of the UK welfare state, we ask whether these problems with the SMS are due to the Covid crisis or rather the result of longstanding issues which require system level changes to correct. Anecdotal evidence indicates that dissatisfaction with the SMS can be traced back many years. It is visible in the campaign led by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver in the early 2000s against the use of cheap processed foods such as the now infamous 'turkey twizzlers' and in the enduring reputation of Margaret Thatcher as the 'milk snatcher' of the 1970s (Smith, 2010). We believe this question can only be addressed with a deep, critical analysis of the history of the SMS in the UK, in terms of both the intention and impact of policy choices and implementation. Drawing on the conceptual framework of a 'usable past' (Tyack and Cuban 1994), this project will conduct the first systematic policy and social history of the SMS from its beginnings in 1906 until the present day, combined with an ethnographic study of the experience of school feeding by children today across four partner schools in Bradford, London, Cardiff and Glasgow. This combination of historical and contemporary ethnographic research will enable a longitudinal assessment of the current challenges facing the SMS. Insights drawn from the research will allow the project team to offer critical, historically-informed recommendations to both policy makers and practitioners designed to secure the future of the SMS in the UK.