EFFECT OF PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE OF GGTP

一些研究表明，酗酒者，以及问题， 饮酒者的血清γ-谷氨酰水平高于正常水平 转肽酶（γ-GTP）。 长期饮酒者的动物模型已经被 显示在几个人中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平升高， 大脑区域 母鼠所生的老鼠接受了35%的热量 在妊娠期和哺乳期， 发现大脑中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平较高， 肝脏比他们的控制。 此外，酒精的后代 治疗的母亲表现出许多畸形特征， 胎儿酒精综合征。 虽然γ-GTP在脑中的作用尚未被证实， 已经澄清，有证据表明，酶可能参与 确定一个人对酒精的敏感性， 智力迟钝。 膜结合酶是细胞膜的重要组成部分， γ-谷氨酰循环，负责谷胱甘肽的周转 （GSH）。 γ-谷氨酰循环参与合成， GSH降解，并涉及GSH转运出细胞， γ-谷氨酰氨基酸进入细胞。 γ-GTP活性增加， 如酒精治疗后所见，可能是一种机制， 可以增加GABA（一种抑制性神经递质）的浓度。 它也可以产生GSH的营业额增加。 γ-GTP增加 活动可能反映了动物试图增加 谷胱甘肽的合成，以保护自己免受药物的毒性作用， 自由基和活性氧中间体。 本研究报告是 为确定母亲服用 酒精对新生大鼠脑、肝和血清γ-GTP的影响。 谷胱甘肽 还将测量大脑中的GABA水平。 我们会研究 母亲服用酒精对胎儿发育的影响 酶，并将决定是否γ-GTP的生化特性， 被篡改了 我们将测量幼鼠大脑中的γ-GTP活性 从胎龄16天到120天。 雌性Wistar大鼠将 繁殖成成年雄性动物，并食用含有酒精或 等卡路里当量的糊精形式的碳水化合物， 从怀孕的第一天开始 尽管有很多研究 涉及确定子宫内施用 酒精，大多数人直到怀孕后才给怀孕的母亲喝酒。 怀孕的前8天。 我们打算在这段时间里给你注射酒精 发展的关键时期。

Several studies have demonstrated that alcoholics, as well as problem drinkers, have higher than normal serum levels of Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (Gamma-GTP). Animal models of chronic drinkers have been shown to have elevated levels of Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in several brain areas. Rats born to mothers which received 35% of their caloric intake in the form of alcohol, both during gestation and lactation were found to have higher levels of Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in brain and liver than their controls. Additionally, the offspring of the alcohol treated mothers exhibited many of the dysmorphic characteristics seen in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Although the role of Gamma-GTP in brain has not been clarified, evidence suggests that the enzyme may involved in determining an individual's sensitivity to alcohol and in some forms of mental retardation. The membrane-bound enzyme is a vital part of the Gamma-glutamyl cycle, which accounts for the turnover of glutathione (GSH). The Gamma-glutamyl cycle is involved in the synthesis and degradation of GSH and involves transport of GSH out of cells and Gamma-glutamyl amino acids into cells. An increase in Gamma-GTP activity, such as is seen following alcohol treatment, may be a mechanism by which concentrations of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, may be increased. It may also produce an increased turnover of GSH. An increase in Gamma-GTP activity may be a reflection of the animal's attempt to increase glutathione synthesis to protect itself against the toxic effects of drugs, free radicals and reactive oxygen intermediates. The present study is undertaken to determine the effects of the maternal administration of alcohol on brain, liver and serum Gamma-GTP in neonatal rats. Glutathione and GABA levels in brain will also be measured. We will examine the effects of the maternal administration of alcohol on the ontogenesis of the enzyme and will determine whether the biochemical properties of Gamma-GTP have been altered. We will measure Gamma-GTP activity in brains of pups from gestational age 16 days, to 120 days of age. Female Wistar rats will be bred to adult males and placed on a liquid diet containing alcohol or an isocaloris equivalent amount of carbohydrate in the form of dextrin, starting on day one of gestation. Although there have been many studies involved with determining the effects of the in utero administration of alcohol, most have not given alcohol to the pregnant mothers until after the first 8 days of gestation. We intend to administer alcohol during this critical period of development.