EFFECT OF PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON GAMMA-GTP

多项研究表明，酗酒者以及 有问题的饮酒者，血清中的伽马水平高于正常水平- 谷氨酰转肽酶(GTP)。慢性阻塞性肺疾病动物模型 研究表明，饮酒者体内的γ-谷氨酰水平升高。 几个脑区的转肽酶。母鼠所生的老鼠 以酒精的形式摄入了35%的卡路里，两者都是 在怀孕和哺乳期间被发现有更高水平的 脑和肝脏中的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶 控制。此外，酒精处理的后代 母亲表现出许多变形的特征，如果 胎儿酒精综合症。尽管伽马-GTP在大脑中的作用 还没有被澄清，有证据表明这种酶可能是 参与确定一个人对酒精的敏感度 患有某种形式的精神发育迟滞。膜结合酶是 伽马-谷氨酰循环的关键部分，它解释了 谷胱甘肽周转率。伽马-谷氨酰循环是 参与GSH的合成和降解，并参与 谷胱甘肽从细胞外和γ-谷氨酰氨基酸进入细胞内 细胞。伽马-GTP活性增加，如图所示 在酒精治疗后，可能是一种机制 抑制性神经递质GABA的浓度可能是 增加了。它还可能导致谷胱甘肽周转增加。一个 伽马-GTP活性的增加可能是动物 试图增加谷胱甘肽的合成以保护自己免受 药物、自由基和活性氧的毒性作用 中间体。进行本研究是为了确定 母亲饮酒对脑、肝的影响 和新生大鼠血清中的γ-GTP。谷胱甘肽和GABA水平 在布莱恩身上也会被测量。我们将研究 母体给药酒精对酶个体发生的影响 并将决定伽马-GTP的生化特性 已经被更改了。我们将测量大脑中的伽马-GTP活性 从胎龄16天到120天龄的幼崽。女性 Wistar大鼠将被培育成成年雄性，并被置于流质饮食中 含有酒精或等卡路里等量的 糊精形式的碳水化合物，从 怀孕了。尽管已经有很多研究涉及到 确定宫内注射酒精的效果， 大多数人直到怀孕后才给怀孕的母亲饮酒 妊娠头8天。我们打算在这个时候给你注射酒精 发展的关键时期。

Several studies have demonstrated that alcoholics, as well as problem drinkers, have higher than normal serum levels of gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP). Animal models of chronic drinkers have been shown to have elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in several brain areas. Rats born to mothers which received 35% of their caloric intake in the form of alcohol, both during gestation and lactation were found to have higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in brain and liver than their controls. Additionally, the offspring of the alcohol treated mothers exhibited many of the dysmorphic characteristics seen if Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Although the role of gamma-GTP in brain has not been clarified, evidence suggests that the enzyme may be involved in determining an individual's sensitivity to alcohol and in some forms of mental retardation. The membrane-bound enzyme is a vital part of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, which accounts for the turnover of glutathione (GSH). The gamma-glutamyl cycle is involved in the synthesis and degradation of GSH and involves transport of GSH out of cells and gamma-glutamyl amino acids into cells. An increase in gamma-GTP activity, such as is seen following alcohol treatment, may be a mechanism by which concentrations of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, may be increased. It may also produce an increased turnover of GSH. An increase in gamma-GTP activity may be a reflection of the animal's attempt to increase glutathione synthesis to protect itself against the toxic effects of drugs, free radicals and reactive oxygen intermediates. The present study is undertaken to determine the effects of the maternal administration of alcohol on brain, liver and serum gamma-GTP in neonatal rats. Glutathione and GABA levels in brian will also be measured. We will examine the effects of the maternal administration of alcohol on the ontogenesis of the enzyme and will determine whether the biochemical properties of gamma-GTP have been altered. We will measure gamma-GTP activity in brains of pups from gestational age 16 days, to 120 days of age. Female Wistar rats will be bred to adult males and placed on a liquid diet containing alcohol or an isocalorie equivalent amount of carbohydrate in the from of dextrin, starting on day one of gestation. Although there have been many studies involved with determining the effects of the in utero administration of alcohol, most have not given alcohol to the pregnant mothers until after the first 8 days of gestation. We intend to administer alcohol this critical period of development.