GLIOGENESIS, MYELINOGENESIS AND ALCOHOL EXPOSURE

人类胎儿在怀孕期间接触酒精的情况一直是 在过去的十几年里， 年 尽管众所周知， 结果胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）的特征是中心 神经系统（CNS）功能障碍，相对较少 中枢神经系统细胞病理学的超微结构研究 实验暴露的动物。 酒精引起的异常证据 中枢神经系统中的细胞分化和迁移已经被发现， 对人类和实验动物的显微镜研究， 在动物中，已经注意到髓磷脂发育的潜在异常。 因为正常的神经胶质细胞成熟是正常神经元细胞发育所必需的， 迁移以及髓鞘形成，这是感兴趣的检查 神经胶质细胞和髓磷脂的发育，以及实验中的神经细胞， 动物暴露于酒精的方式将密切平行 FAS中发生的暴露时间。 这个项目是一个 神经胶质细胞、髓磷脂和 之后，暴露于酒精的大鼠中枢神经系统中的神经细胞 在这样的模型中。 为了平行FAS的乙醇暴露，将大鼠 在怀孕21天内通过母体饮食接触， 乙醇衍生的卡路里，然后通过使用 含3%（v/v）乙醇的牛奶饮食。 出生后的动物将 人工饲养远离母亲和饮食管理， 长期植入胃插管。 将饲养对照动物 来自等热量配对喂养的母鼠，并通过胃插管喂养，但没有 产妇或产后饮食中的酒精。 动物将在以下时间处死： 在妊娠期间的不同时间，在出生后的日子，直到成熟。 视神经和脊髓组织将被移除并准备用于 电镜 在研究的第一部分， 将进行研究，以确定酒精是否对神经胶质生成和/或 髓鞘形成 进一步的研究将确定是否有任何影响髓鞘 并且神经胶质细胞持续成熟。 在研究的最后阶段， 将检查来自相同实验动物的正在发育的螺旋索 研究神经发生，并验证任何视神经的发现， 典型的中枢神经系统区域。

The exposure of the human fetus to alcohol during gestation has been recognized as a problem of considerable clinical concern for the last dozen years. Although it is well recognized that one of the hallmark characteristics of the resultant fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, there have been relatively few ultrastructural studies of the cellular pathology in the CNS of experimentally exposed animals. Evidence of alcohol induced abnormal cellular differentiation and migration in the CNS have been fund in light microscopic studies of both humans and experimental animals and, in animals, potential abnormalities in myelin development have been noted. Because normal glial cell maturation is necessary for normal neuronal migration as well as myelin formation, it is of interest to examine developing glial cells and myelin, as well as nerve cells in experimental animals exposed to alcohol in a manner which will closely parallel the timing of exposure which occur in FAS. THis proposed project is an electron microscopic study of the development of glial cells, myelin, and later, nerve cells in the central nervous system of rats exposed to alcohol in such a model. To parallel the ethanol exposures of FAS, rats will be exposed for the 21 days of gestation via a maternal diet that contains 35% ethanol derived calories, then further exposed for 10 postnatal days by use of a milk diet containing 3% (v/v) ethanol. Postnatal animals will be artifically reared away from the mothers and the diet administered via chronically implanted gastric cannulas. Control animals will be raised from isocalorically pairfed dams, and fed via gastric cannulas, but without alcohol in the maternal or postnatal diet. Animals will be sacrificed at various times during gestation, during postnatal days, and up to maturity. Optic nerve and spinal cord tissues will be removed and prepared for electron microscopy. In the first portion of the study optic nerve tissue will be studied to determine if alcohol has an effect on gliogenesis and/or myelinogenesis. Further studies will determine if any effects on myelin and glial cells persist into maturity. In the last phase of the study the developing spiral cord from the same experimental animals will be examined to study neurogenesis and to verify any optic nerve findings in a more typical CNS area.