Cultural Hierarchies in Health: Does inherited sociocultural position (biraderi) shape diet and nutrition among British Pakistani children?

背景：比拉德里是南亚社区中一种基于身份的群体，指的是个人的职业、亲属网络或原籍地。它也可以用于所谓的“较高”和“较低”biraderi群体的社会排名。Biraderi是英国穆斯林身份的共同标志，与更广泛的种姓概念有关。在南亚，种姓地位影响到人们获得经济机会和保健服务的机会，并构成儿童了解自己和社会的方式的一部分，所谓“较高”种姓的儿童往往比所谓“较低”种姓的儿童有更好的机会。关于南亚种姓或基于身份的分组如何预测儿童在生命的关键早期获得营养食物的研究非常丰富，但关于biraderi如何与英国南亚散居社区的母乳喂养和儿童饮食有关的信息很少。也没有明确的方法来组织biraderi群体的数据，以帮助研究人员了解英国的一些儿童是否因为属于所谓的“较低”群体而面临社会或经济脆弱性而面临营养不良的风险。在南亚国家观察到的基于身份的排名与英国侨民社区中重新创建的营养模式有关吗？这对英国的公共卫生和不平等有什么影响？我们将回答这些问题，通过查看出生在布拉德福德市的英国巴基斯坦妇女和她们的孩子的数据。目的和目标：我们的研究旨在通过重新使用出生在布拉德福德（BiB）研究中已经收集的数据，了解biraderi是否与妇女的母乳喂养做法及其孩子的饮食有关。我们将通过四个目标来实现这一目标。1.我们将咨询一组关于biraderi的学术专家和布拉德福德的穆斯林居民社区团体，以最好的方式安排或排名BiB研究中的15个biraderi团体。我们将为我们的学术和社区团体确定的每个biraderi分组创建母乳喂养率和持续时间以及儿童饮食营养质量的数据摘要。在考虑了教育、收入和生活条件等其他因素后，我们将研究不同的biraderi群体（或等级）之间在母乳喂养实践和儿童饮食方面是否存在重要差异。我们将比较布拉德福德的研究结果与更广泛的研究，即基于社会和文化身份的差异如何在儿童饮食中表达，并讨论社区母乳喂养/营养服务或社会健康计划是否需要考虑基于biraderi的差异。潜在应用和益处：我们的研究将是第一个研究英国南亚人母乳喂养和儿童饮食中基于biraderi的差异的研究之一，我们预计有4个潜在的应用和益处。我们将确定英国少数民族中的亚群体，他们在生命早期营养不良的风险增加，并将受益于额外的支持，以实现母乳喂养和健康饮食的终身健康和经济效益。我们关于biraderi数据分组的专家和社区咨询将为那些想要了解biraderi如何与整个生命周期的其他健康状况相关的研究人员提供一个框架。在国际上，有一个庞大的研究人员和政策制定者社区，他们希望了解和减少基于身份的社会群体标记对健康的影响，我们的工作将展示一种创新的方法，让社区团体参与分析和解释这些信息。在地方一级，布拉德福德是英国2025年文化之城，我们与当地社区分享成果的活动将使人们关注该市儿童的营养和健康。

CONTEXT: Biraderi is a form of identity-based grouping among South Asian communities which refers to an individual's occupation, kinship networks, or place of origin. It can also be used for social ranking into so-called "higher" and "lower" biraderi groups. Biraderi is common marker of identity among British Muslims, and is related to the broader concept of caste. In South Asia, caste status affects people's access to economic opportunity and health services, and forms part of the way children learn about themselves and society, with those of so-called "higher" castes often having better access and opportunity than those of so-called "lower" castes. There is a wealth of research on how caste or identity-based grouping in South Asia predicts children's access to nutritious food in the crucial early years of life, but very little information on how biraderi is related to breastfeeding and children's diets among South Asian diaspora communities in the UK. There is also no clear way to organise data on biraderi groups to help researchers understand whether some children in the UK are at risk of poor nutrition because of the social or economic vulnerabilities that come with belonging to a so-called "lower" ranking group. Are nutritional patterns linked to identity-based ranking that are observed in South Asian countries re-created among British diaspora communities? What implications does that have for public health and inequalities in the UK? We will answer these questions by looking at data on British Pakistani women and their children who are born in the city of Bradford.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Our study aims to understand whether biraderi is related to women's breastfeeding practices and their children's diets by re-using data already collected in the Born in Bradford (BiB) study. We will achieve this aim through 4 objectives.1. We will consult a group of academic experts on biraderi and a community group of Muslim residents in Bradford on the best way to arrange or rank the 15 biraderi groups in the BiB study.2. We will create data summaries of breastfeeding rates and duration, and nutritional qualities of children's diets for each biraderi grouping identified by our academic and community groups.3. We will examine whether there are important differences in breastfeeding practices and children's diets between different biraderi groups (or ranks) after we have accounted for other factors such as education, income, and living conditions.4. We will compare our findings from Bradford to the wider research on how differences based on social and cultural identity are expressed in children's diets, and discuss whether community breastfeeding / nutrition services or social health initiatives need to account for differences based on biraderi.POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS: Our study will be one of the first to examine biraderi-based differences in breastfeeding and children's diets among British South Asians, and we expect 4 potential applications and benefits.1. We will identify sub-groups within ethnic minorities in the UK who are at increased risk of poor nutrition in early life and would benefit from additional support to achieve the lifelong health and economic benefits of breastfeeding and healthy diets.2. Our expert and community consultation on grouping biraderi data will provide a framework for researchers who want to understand how biraderi is related to other health conditions across the life span.3. Internationally, there is a large community of researchers and policy makers who want to understand and reduce the effects of identity-based markers of social grouping on health, and our work will show an innovative method to involve community groups in the analysis and interpretation of such information.4. At a local level, Bradford is the UK City of Culture 2025, and our activities to share results with local communities will put the spotlight on children's nutrition and health in the city.