Police Detectives on the TOR-network (A Study on Tensions Between Privacy and Crime Fighting)

本研究的重点是警察侦探打击犯罪的一个特定部分的互联网：TOR网络。TOR是洋葱路由器的首字母缩写，代表一种帮助互联网用户保持未知的技术。TOR的开发初衷是为了保护互联网用户的隐私。然而，TOR网络的一部分已经成为非法材料和服务的成熟供应链，如假币、被盗卡、接触黑客和杀手，以及？如何操作指南犯罪分子和恐怖分子因此，TOR网络引起了警方的注意。因此，本研究将我们带到了隐私权争论的核心，因为在这里，TOR使用者明显希望保持不为人知的愿望与国家在公共领域的警察和打击犯罪的权力发生了冲突。本质上，本研究旨在回答我们的社会如何妥善处理隐私权与公民其他基本权利之间的紧张关系的问题（职权范围使用者），以及行使国家权力（职权范围网络上的官员），当行使这种权力是为了预防和调查犯罪。其核心思想是将日常的警察现实与法医正确性和法律的公平原则对侦探工作的要求进行比较。?法医的正确性？是指根据对执法规定的技术和审慎要求收集信息。?法律的公平？是指警察在依法治国和保障基本人权的前提下开展工作，其研究成果对警察在现代社会中正确打击犯罪具有一定的借鉴意义。研究结果也可以帮助那些警察对谁负责，以及提供新的和最新的论点，在正在进行的讨论，以技术为基础的警务，基本人权和法律如何可以在这个新创建的数字环境中执行的学术界。虽然这项研究涉及警察侦探工作在技术环境中，其主要重点不是技术本身。相反，它主要是关于理解人类行为，关于规范以及关于两者之间的关系。该研究是一项国际比较研究。将在挪威、荷兰和联合王国研究关于TOR网络的侦查工作。法医分析将在瑞典进行。

The present study focuses on police detectives fighting crime on a specific part of the internet: the TOR-network. TOR is the acronym of The Onion Router, which stands for a technique that helps an internet user to remain unknown. TOR was developed with the good intention to protect the privacy of internet users. However, part of the TOR-network has become a mature supply chain for illicit material and services, such as counterfeit money, stolen cards, access to hackers and hitmen and ?how-to-guides? for criminals and terrorists. Consequently, the TOR-network has attracted the attention of the police. Hence, the study takes us to the very heart of the privacy debate since here the obvious wish of TOR-users to remain unknown clashes with the power of the state to police the public sphere and fight crime.Essentially, the present study aims at answering the question of how our society can properly deal with the tension between privacy and other fundamental rights of citizens (TOR-users), and the exercise of state power (officers on the TOR-network), when this power is exercised for the purpose of preventing and investigating crime. The core idea is to compare everyday police reality with the de-mands that are imposed on detective work by principles of both forensic correct¬ness and legal fairness. ?Forensic correctness? refers to collecting information in accordance with technological and jurisprudential requirements imposed on law enforcement. ?Legal fairness? refers to the police doing their work in accordance with the rule of law and fundamental human rights.The results can help the police to fight crime in modern society appropriately. The results can also help those to whom the police are accountable as well as provide the academic world with new and up-to-date arguments in the ongoing discussion about technology-based policing, funda¬men¬tal human rights and how the law can be enforced in this newly created digital environment.Although this study deals with police detective work in a technological environment, its main focus is not on technology as such. Instead, it is mainly about understanding human behaviour, about norms and about the relation between the two. The study is set up as an international comparative study. Detective work on the TOR-network will be studied in Norway, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The forensic analysis will be carried out in Sweden.