Exploring factors affecting the disability pay gap

据报道，2023年第一季度，英国约有950万16至64岁的残疾人，占工作年龄人口的23%。这一人口群体面临重大的社会障碍，导致就业和收入的差距，导致残疾人就业差距和残疾人工资差距。残疾人就业差距和残疾人工资差距是联合王国和全球劳动力市场的持续特征。虽然前者已得到充分记录，但后者在政策讨论中越来越受到关注，要求强制性报告残疾人薪酬差距。残疾人工资差距是指残疾人和非残疾人之间每小时工资中位数的差距。薪酬差距因性别而异，并受到种族和损伤类型等因素的影响。由于残疾人通常面临比非残疾人更高的生活成本（例如更高的旅行或能源成本），因此薪酬差距特别令人担忧。英国收入分析的主要数据来源是小时和收入年度调查（ASHE），这是英国税务和海关（HMRC）“按收入付费”（PAYE）记录的1%样本。然而，ASHE在人口统计信息方面有局限性-它只包含年龄和性别，因为它是由雇主报告的。新的ASHE-2011年人口普查关联数据集提供了更全面的个人特征，并开辟了进行新分析的可能性，包括基于残疾状况的分析。该奖学金将寻求利用这一新的可用信息连接到ASHE执行残疾工资差距的收入分析。该研究项目旨在深入到残疾工资差距的各个方面，包括交叉变异，地区差异，和潜在的驱动因素。特别是，该研究金将包括四个工作包。第一套工作包将侧重于按性别和族裔分列的残疾人薪酬差距的交叉差异。工作包2将调查残疾人薪酬差距的区域差异程度以及与较大残疾人薪酬差距相关的因素。第三套工作包将侧重于残疾人与非残疾人之间的其他人口差异（例如，残疾妇女的比例高于残疾男子）在多大程度上可以解释残疾工资差距。最后，工作包4将调查在2011年联系年以外的年份将残疾状况用于ASHE-2011人口普查的可行性，因为一个人的残疾状况可能会在不同年份发生变化。该项目的调查结果将分发给对残疾人就业问题感兴趣的适当决策者。因此，该奖学金有可能增加我们对残疾薪酬差距的理解，以及它在全国各地的变化，包括任何地区，性别或种族的变化。这将反过来揭示持续的经济不平等，这种不平等可能影响近四分之一的工作年龄人口。

In the first quarter of 2023, it was reported that the UK had approximately 9.5 million Disabled individuals aged 16-64, constituting 23% of the working-age population. This demographic faces significant societal barriers, resulting in disparities in employment and earnings, leading to a disability employment gap and a disability pay gap. A disability employment gap and disability pay gap are both persistent features of the UK and global labour markets. While the former has been well-documented, the latter is gaining attention in policy discussions, with calls for mandatory disability pay gap reporting. The disability pay gap refers to the disparity in median hourly pay between these Disabled and non-Disabled people. The pay gap varies by gender and is influenced by factors like ethnicity and the type of impairment. The pay gap is particularly concerning since Disabled people typically face higher living costs than non-Disabled people (e.g. higher travel or energy costs).The primary data source for earnings analysis in the UK is the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE), which is a 1% sample of His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) records. However, ASHE has limitations in terms of demographic information - it only contains age and gender - since it is reported by employers. The new ASHE-2011 Census linked dataset offers a more comprehensive range of personal characteristics and opens up the possibility of novel analysis, including on the basis of disability status. This fellowship would seek to utilise this newly available information connected to ASHE to perform earnings analysis on the disability pay gap.This research project aims to delve into various aspects of the disability pay gap, including intersectional variation, regional disparities, and the underlying drivers. In particular, this fellowship would consist of four work packages. Work Package 1 would focus on intersectional differences in the disability pay gap by gender and ethnicity. Work Package 2 would investigate the extent of regional differences in the disability pay gap and factors associated with larger disability pay gaps. Work Package 3 would focus on the extent to which the disability pay gap can be explained by other demographic differences between Disabled and non-Disabled people (e.g. the fact that there is a proportion of Disabled women than Disabled men). Finally, Work Package 4 would investigate the feasibility of using disability status with the ASHE-2011 Census in years other than the 2011 link year, since a person's disability status may change from one year to the next.By working directly with Disability Rights UK, a leading Disabled People's Organisation, the findings of the project would be disseminated to appropriate policymakers with an interest in disability employment issues. As such, this fellowship has the potential to increase our understanding of the disability pay gap and how it varies across the country including any regional, gender or ethnic variation. This would in turn shed light on a persistent economic inequality that potentially affects nearly one in four of the working age population.