GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF DROSPHILA

此应用程序是为了支持一个程序，将巩固和 协调研究果蝇的五个小组。 研究 领域包括：基因结构和调控，发育遗传学， 神经遗传学，转座因子分析，人口和 进化遗传学 这些群体通过共同应用 相似的遗传学和分子学方法。 具体项目有：（1A）热休克蛋白， hsp 70抑制其自身转录的基因将通过融合 具有组成型表达热休克启动子的编码区 同源基因，并测定该杂合基因的体内表达 转型 (1B)热休克及其相关的功能作用 蛋白质将通过编码热的基因的突变分析来研究。 休克同源物在正常时大量组成性表达 发展 (2)兴奋性心肌细胞离子通道的结构与功能 膜将通过分子和遗传分析的帕拉 基因座和编码乙酰胆碱受体（AChR）的基因。 帕拉轨迹 将通过P元件诱导的突变等位基因克隆。 乙酰胆碱受体克隆将是 使用异源DNA探针或cDNA的抗体筛选回收 表达文库和这些克隆的染色体来源位点 变异了 (3)P元件对其他转座元件的影响， 对邻近基因的影响将通过监测 已知转座因子在遗传不良条件下的一般调查 通过一组特定的不稳定等位基因的分子特征 在插入片段中缺乏P，但对P元件转座酶有反应。 一组P 插入到SN基因座中也将根据以下方面进行表征 表型、插入位点和插入元件的结构。 (4)的 十肢瘫痪（dpp）基因复合体的功能， 正常胚胎和成体图案形成将通过测定 用于拯救特定DPP表型能力的复合物片段 通过转化重新引入。 基因的功能单位 复合物将通过体外缺失在分子水平上进一步定义 分析以确定最小功能片段。 (5)的基础 偏分离（SD）染色体的频率低于预期 在自然界中，尽管它们在传播方面具有非孟德尔优势， 通过测试SD雄性动物的精子引起的健康降低来检查 多交配的竞争。 我们将探索一种使用P 元件，以提供不同类别的差异分子标签。 精子 这些项目的实施将通过以下方式加快和加强： 项目成员的互补性专业领域。 结果 这些研究将提供有关遗传和分子生物学的新信息， 基因表达、发育、行为和进化的机制 对人类生物学也有明显的影响。

This application is to support a program that will consolidate and coordinate five groups whose research focuses on Drosophila. The research areas include: gene structure and regulation, developmental genetics, neurogenetics, analysis of transposable elements, and population and evolutionary genetics. The groups are united by common application of similar genetic and molecular methodologies. Specific projects are: (1A) The possibility that the heat shock protein, hsp 70, represses its own transcription will be analyzed by fusing the coding region with the promoter of a constitutively expressed heat shock cognate gene and assaying in vivo expression of this hybrid gene following transformation. (1B) The functional role of heat shock and related proteins will be studied by mutational analysis of a gene encoding a heat shock cognate expressed abundantly and constitutively during normal development. (2) The structure and function of ion channels in excitable membranes will be studied by molecular and genetic analysis of the para locus and genes encoding the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The para locus will be cloned via P element-induced mutant alleles. AChR clones will be recovered using heterologous DNA probes or antibody screening of cDNA expression libraries and the chromosomal sites of origin of these clones mutated. (3) The effects of P elements on other transposable elements and on neighboring genes will be investigated by monitoring the mobilization of known transposable elements under dysgenic conditions in a general survey and by molecular characterization of a particular set of unstable alleles that lack P in inserts but respond to P element transposase. A set of P insertions into the sn locus will also be characterized with respect to phenotype, site of insertion and structure of inserted element. (4) The function of the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene complex which is involved in normal embryonic and adult pattern formation will be studied by assaying segments of the complex for ability to rescue specific dpp phenotypes following reintroduction via transformation. Functional units of the gene complex will be further defined at the molecular level by in vitro deletion analysis to determine the minimal functional fragments. (5) The basis for the lower than expected frequency of segregation distorter (SD) chromosomes in nature despite their non-Mendelian advantage in transmission will be examined by testing SD males for reduced fitness caused by sperm competition in multiple matings. We will explore a novel method of using P elements to provide a differential molecular tag of different classes of sperm. Performance of these projects will be expedited and strengthened by drawing on complementary areas of expertise of the project members. Results of these studies will provide new information about the genetic and molecular mechanisms of gene expression, development, behavior and evolution of Drosophila with obvious implications for human biology as well.