Synaptic circuit mechanisms of rhythmic slow oscillatory dynamics in the rodent and human cerebral cortex

大脑中协调的神经元活动与行为有着内在的联系。神经元协调功能障碍导致精神和神经障碍。大部分的大脑活动是有节奏的，因为节奏性促进了局部和全局的相互作用，并使时间序列的表示成为可能。节律性重置神经元群体活动的参数，以编码和传递支持行为需求的信息。重要的是，单个神经细胞以及神经元组的动作可以相对于群体节律系统地改变，并且被大脑用于编码信息。我们探索了啮齿动物大脑皮层中所谓的θ频率范围（每秒4-12个周期）和人类同源脑区中的广泛节律性。θ振荡与认知过程相关的高频振荡有关。这种节律性与不同频率的联系是大脑的基本原理，因为联系强度的变化表明行为表现、认知状态，如导航、决策和记忆，并受到痴呆症等病理学的损害。我们确定了神经细胞，它们之间的联系，以及用药物影响记忆系统的部位，或者改变选定通路的活动，恢复正常的节律活动，并通过减弱病理活动来改善协调。

Co-ordinated neuronal activity in the brain is intrinsically linked with behaviour. Malfunction of neuronal coordination results in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Much of the brain activity is rhythmic, as rhythmicity facilitates local and global interactions and enables the representation of temporal sequences. Rhythmicity resets the parameters of neuronal population activity for encoding and delivering information in support of behavioural needs. Importantly, the action of single nerve cells as well as groups of neurons can change systematically relative to the population rhythm and is used by the brain for coding of information.We explore a widespread rhythmicity in the cerebral cortex in the so-called theta frequency range (4-12 cycles per second) in rodents and the homologous brain areas in humans. Theta oscillations are linked to higher frequency oscillations associated with cognitive processes. Such linking of rhythmicity with different frequencies is a basic principle of the brain, as changes in the strength of links indicate behavioural performance, cognitive states such as navigation, decision-making and memory and are impaired by pathology such as dementia. We identify the nerve cells, the links between them, and sites where influencing the memory system with drugs, or changing the activity of selected pathways restores normal rhythmic activity and improves co-ordination by attenuating pathological activity.